This is a brief paper on marginalization in Africa and the reasons behind it.
Working Paper 24: Marginalisation of Indigenous Knowledge in African Education . 2 . Agriculture, Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. The authors are thankful for the time and
histories of the indigenous peoples inhabiting various parts of the continent from time immemorial. In other words, the term is geographically significant but, historically, its
Western intervention of the 'third world' in any form stands on entitlement; The sincere belief that Western systems, behaviours, logics, governance, laws, and institutional practices are ...
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One of the challenges facing African countries is that the global environment is rather unfriendly . This hampers their efforts to gainfully tap into global markets. Additionally, African economies are hindered by them still depending heavily on external assistance. Domestic revenue mobilisation is substantially below potential ...
In the four decades to 2010, Africa lost about US$1.3 trillion through capital flight, or US$1.7 trillion including interest earnings. This vastly exceeds the continent’s liabilities to the rest of the world. Ironically, this has made the most capital-starved continent a net creditor to the rest of the world.
Integration would enable the continent to develop larger regional markets and build capacity to initiate African solutions to Africa’s economic and political problems.
Africa is inadequately represented in institutions such as the World Bank and the IMF. Reuters/Gary Cameron. Global governance is gradually shifting towards elite multilateralism where deliberations on vital issues are held in small clubs of large economies.
Quite the opposite. There has been an increasing deregulation of finance. This has serious implications. Unregulated financial flows increase the fragility of national and regional financial systems through higher contagion across the globe.
DRL funded a project to promote women's perspectives in media in the Great Lakes region in Africa. And the grantee noticed that although they were able to, through recruitment and targeting as we talked about earlier, increase the percentage of female journalists, they found that the media content still was not changing. To address recruiting female journalists in the first phase of the project, they conducted a baseline study for the region – they looked at three of the countries that they were focusing on, I believe it was Burundi, Rwanda, and...Burundi, Rwanda and the DRC, the Democratic Republic of Congo. They carried out barriers analysis which is an approach that looks at what are some of the constraints to inclusion that marginalized populations face. And so they were looking at what were the obstacles that were restricting female media participation and the coverage of gender issues.
Barrier analysis is a really good way to identify issues, challenges and opportunities for inclusive programming. And using inclusion indicators help you to determine the effectiveness and impact of the program that you are implementing on marginalized populations.
In terms of building participation of marginalized groups into the project, you can look at the objectives, you can look at the targets, you can look at activities, and then also you're gonna wanna have indicators that help you to figure out how well you're doing that.
As such, there is five additional points that are awarded to projects that support the inclusion of marginalized populations in terms of the whole evaluation and selection process.
You're gonna wanna look at changes over time to see if the gaps are closing. Some examples would be percent of population who indicate awareness of key issues that people with disabilities face. The number or percent of political leaders of civil society organizations involved in dialogues and issues affecting ethnic minorities, may be some possible indicators.
And if we certainly believe that particularly in terms of doing our democracy and rights and labor work, that everyone should be included then that becomes a major focus for us. And we also know that very often when we're looking at democratization work, when we're looking at rights work, that they are groups that are excluded from these processes. Their voices aren't heard , their rights aren't recognized, and so it becomes important then for us to include them in the work that we do.
In addressing the second piece in terms of media content – what the grantee did is they then had a radio station grants competition for gender sensitive programming as a way then to begin to have more women's perspectives and women's focus in the media programming that was being done in the region.
The self-marginalisation is even more puzzling because it cannot be put down to lack of knowledge of the world’s dominant language.
Poor countries are thus attractive as a field of research — but nothing more. Poorer countries also lack resources to maintain the intellectual class which could promote ‘their’ (domestic) issues and they thus become mere consumers of the ideas produced in the rich countries.
There is nothing to be done about ‘objective’ marginalisation short of Africa growing faster, getting richer and thus provoking more interest — success always leads to interest — and in the process becoming financially able to shape the agenda. This is what China has done.