Burn shock is a unique combination of hypovolemic and distributive shock, accompanied by cardiogenic shock. Burns initially causes capillary leakage syndrome as below, resulting in severe hypovolemia and massive edema (increased interstitial fluid).
Burn shock is a term used to describe certain signs such as: decreased cardiac output, increased vascular resistance, hypovolaemia and hypoperfusion that occur after severe burn injuries have been sustained[1].
Urine output of 0.5 mL/kg or about 30 – 50 mL/hr in adults and 0.5-1.0 mL/kg/hr in children less than 30kg is a good target for adequate fluid resuscitation.
Inflammatory mediator's effects on endothelial and smooth muscle cells result in leakage of fluid from the intravascular to extravascular space at the site of the burned tissue, and systemically in all organs leading to hypovolemic shock.
The most common cause of hypovolemic shock is blood loss when a major blood vessel bursts or when you're seriously injured. This is called hemorrhagic shock. You can also get it from heavy bleeding related to pregnancy, from burns, or even from severe vomiting and diarrhea.
But when faced with large or deep burns, it can overreact, often making the injury more severe and harming the heart, lungs, blood vessels, kidneys, and other organ systems. During this inflammatory response, there is fluid loss that can cause a sharp and potentially deadly drop in blood pressure known as shock.
The main types of shock include: Cardiogenic shock (due to heart problems) Hypovolemic shock (caused by too little blood volume) Anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction)
Distributive shock, also known as vasodilatory shock, is one of the four broad classifications of disorders that cause inadequate tissue perfusion. Systemic vasodilation leads to decreased blood flow to the brain, heart, and kidneys causing damage to vital organs.