William James. The earliest psychologists (in the late 1800s and early 1900s) focused most of their research on ___ because they believed those questions ___. sensation, were relatively easy to answer. What do we call the relationship between the intensity of a stimulus and its perceived intensity?
What do we call theoretical research, such as trying to understand learning and memory? Basic Research. Since the 1960s, which fields have increased in their influence within psychology? Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience.
Basic Research. Since the 1960s, which fields have increased in their influence within psychology? Cognitive Psychology and Neuroscience. Health Psychologists would be especially interested in which of these? Effects of exercise and diet on behavior. Why did Harvard University refuse to five a PhD to Mary Calkins?
Dualism -- the idea that mind and brain exist separately -- conflicts with which of these? Physicists' principle of conversion of matter and energy. Brain researchers would probably be most comfortable with which of the following statements? Brain activity and mental activity are the same thing.
Wilhelm WundtKnown forExperimental psychology Cultural psychology Structuralism ApperceptionScientific careerFieldsExperimental psychology, Cultural psychology, philosophy, physiologyInstitutionsUniversity of Leipzig11 more rows
His belief in the connection between mind and body led him to develop what has become known as the James-Lange Theory of emotion, which posits that human experience of emotion arises from physiological changes in response to external events.
By establishing a lab that utilized scientific methods to study the human mind and behavior, Wundt took psychology from a mixture of philosophy and biology and made it a unique field of study.
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (1832–1920) is known to posterity as the “father of experimental psychology” and the founder of the first psychology laboratory (Boring 1950: 317, 322, 344–5), whence he exerted enormous influence on the development of psychology as a discipline, especially in the United States.
The concept of cognitive appraisal was advanced in 1966 by psychologist Richard Lazarus in the book Psychological Stress and Coping Process. According to this theory, stress is perceived as the imbalance between the demands placed on the individual and the individual's resources to cope (Lazarus & Folkman, 1984).
Watson believed that psychology should primarily be scientific observable behavior. He is remembered for his research on the conditioning process. Watson is also known for the Little Albert experiment, in which he demonstrated that a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus.
William James is famous for helping to found psychology as a formal discipline, for establishing the school of functionalism in psychology, and for greatly advancing the movement of pragmatism in philosophy.
James believed that each person has a soul, which exists in a spiritual universe, and leads a person to perform the behaviors they do in the physical world. James was influenced by Emanuel Swedenborg, who first introduced him to this idea.
Maslow, (born April 1, 1908, New York, New York, U.S.—died June 8, 1970, Menlo Park, California), American psychologist and philosopher best known for his self-actualization theory of psychology, which argued that the primary goal of psychotherapy should be the integration of the self.
Precursors, Preceptors, & Fellow Travelers: William James, John Dewey, Bertrand Russell. In opposition to the “Structuralist” philosophical underpinnings of introspectionism, behaviorism grew out of a competing “Functionalist” philosophy of psychology that counted Dewey and William James among its leading advocates.
His greatest contribution was to show that psychology could be a valid experimental science. Therefore, one way Wundt contributed to the development of psychology was to do his research in carefully controlled conditions, i.e. experimental methods.
As for the historical influential differences between Wundt and James: While Wundt focused on the introspection of consciousness, James focused on behavior in environment. This focus would lay the groundwork for a behaviorism that James would scarcely recognize.