Dec 07, 2021 · 1. Intellectual skills. With this type of learning outcome, the learner will understand concepts, rules or procedures. Put simply, this is understanding how to do something. 2. Cognitive strategy. In this type of learning outcome, the learner uses personal strategies to think, organize, learn and behave. 3.
Learning Outcomes. Where Learning Aims are high-level statements of purpose and Learning Objectives act as operational descriptors of intent from the faculty perspective – Learning Outcomes specifically relate to the actions and achievements of the learners. Outcomes can be applied at both the programme and course level.
Learning outcomes demonstrate what you want students to know, do, or value by the end of your course. A typical learning outcome may start with "By the end of this course, students will be able to…". Then, continue the sentence with an action verb and a goal for the course. When writing learning outcomes, Bloom's Taxonomy (described below ...
An outcome-based curriculum design begins with defining the student learning outcomes for the programme and the component subjects. This section attempts to guide you to do that. This section is organised as follows: • “What are intended learning outcomes?” aims to help you understand the role of intended
7 Learning Outcomes | |
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1 | Identify own strengths and develop areas for growth |
2 | Demonstrate that challenges have been undertaken, developing new skills in the process |
3 | Demonstrate how to initiate and plan a CAS experience |
4 | Show commitment to and perseverance in CAS experiences |
Learning outcomes can be defined as the particular knowledge, skills, and abilities that an instructor intends for students to learn or develop. Outcomes are more specific than learning goals, which take a 10,000-foot view of what an instructor desires for students to gain from a course. Research suggests that when they are well written, clear, ...
In addition, learning outcomes can be shared at the beginning of class, and revisited at the end of class.
al, 2016). The Backward Design process helps achieve these outcomes through alignment, where learning outcomes are written first during course development to serve as a framework from which all class activities and assessments are selected or designed (Wiggins and McTighe, 2005). Once outcomes are mapped backward to activities and forward to larger learning goals, instructors can consider assessments, both weekly and final, that measure student progress toward attaining learning outcomes.
They are generally written with an action verb such as “define,” “synthesize,” or “create,” and a noun describing specific content, concepts, or skills.
Creating (highest-order) Students can put elements together to form a novel, coherent whole or make an original product.
Students can carry out our use a procedure in a given situation. apply, choose, predict, use, illustrate, demonstrate, hypothesize, modify, interpret, develop. Analyzing. Students can break material into its constituent parts and detect how the parts relate to one another and to an overall structure or purpose.
Students can retrieve relevant information from their long-term memory. list, define, describe, recall, label, match, observe, identify, reproduce. Understanding. Students can determine the meaning of instructional messages, including oral, written and graphic communication.
Course Learning Outcomes align and contribute to programme level outcomes. They describe the mechanisms in which the outcomes will be measured and through which learning activities they will be achieved.
Learning Aims are typically applied at the programme and course level. They focus on the intended results of teaching, from the perspective of the teacher. Learning Aims set out the scope and the value, describing what the faculty intends to achieve through the delivery of the course.
They describe both the skills and knowledge that learners will develop, and also describe how they will be demonstrated through summative assessment processes.
As Learning Aims are broad statements of intent illustrating the overall purpose of the programme, they are not required to be measurable.
Tips for constructing learning outcomes: 1 Focus on outcomes, not processes 2 Start each outcome with an action verb 3 Avoid vague verbs such as know and understand 4 Incorporate a mixture of lower-order and higher-order thinking 5 Write the outcomes from the student perspective 6 Check that the outcomes reflect knowledge, skills, or attitudes 7 Try for no more than three outcomes per major topic
Focus on outcomes, not processes. Start each outcome with an action verb. Avoid vague verbs such as know and understand. Incorporate a mixture of lower-order and higher-order thinking. Write the outcomes from the student perspective. Check that the outcomes reflect knowledge, skills, or attitudes.
Students encounter the world through their affective domain via their values and belief systems: the outward portrayal of the affective domain would be the student's attitude. A student's attitude can have a profound effect on his or her learning.
The cognitive domain concerns knowledge (remembering/retaining information) and the development of intellectual skills (synthesis, problem solving, etc.). The different levels of the cognitive domain categorize students' thinking from less to more complex levels of thinking; for example, having students write a paper analyzing the impact of interest rates on the growth of the U.S. economy requires substantially more complex thinking than asking students to state the current interest rate. There are six major categories of cognitive processes, starting from simple to more complex processes:
Try for no more than three outcomes per major topic
Persuasive communication promotes a student internalization of a message by making sure that the source (the instructor) is believable and likeable, the message has appropriate content and style, and is properly tailored to the students' attitudes.
For example, a student may have competency in performing a task, but may not have the desire (attitude). People in general change their attitude in response to various events in life; however, instructors can change a student's affective domain over the course of a class by performance interventions.
An outcome-based curriculum design begins with defining the student learning outcomes for the programme and the component subjects. This section attempts to guide you to do that.
Outcomes are the starting point for the programme as a whole and also for individual subjects. It is strongly advised that the programme teams work collaboratively, instead of the programme leader coming up with the set of programme outcomes and subject coordinators individually writing their own sets. A collaborative effort will ensure that the program outcomes and subject outcomes will be aligned.
Since outcome statements usually depict what students can do after completing a programme, they almost invariably consist of one or more action verbs. These action verbs represent important learning goals for students as well as criteria for assessment.
Attributes for all-roundedness are the more generic and transferable aspects of learning. The list of attributes for all-roundedness varies from place to place. For PolyU, we look for the following attributes in our graduates: (1) professional competencies in a chosen discipline, (2) creativity and innovation, (3) critical thinking and problem solving abilities, (4) language and communication skills, (5) capability for lifelong learning, (6) leadership, teamwork and interpersonal skills, (7) entrepreneurship, (8) global outlook, (9) cultural appreciation, and (10) social and national responsibility.
As illustrated in the diagram, even the possession of both academic knowledge (theories, information, etc.) and procedural knowledge (procedures and skills) is still not adequate for our graduates to perform competently and effectively in their chosen professions. A professional, in order to perform effectively in real life situations, needs to know what knowledge to draw upon to make decision and to be able to apply the knowledge flexibly and appropriately in response to various tasks.
The knowledge emphasised in university programme is usually academic in nature. However sophisticated, it may differ from the professional knowledge required and expected in the graduates’ chosen professions. To put this in perspective, would-be professionals might have learned how to label a certain process; however, they may not be able to execute that process while in the field. As such, according to Leinhardt et al. (1995), there is a mismatch between university knowledge and professional knowledge.
It is quite obvious that there cannot be a one-size-fits-all standard of performance for all discipline. For instance, both business students and mathematics students need to learn statistics, but obviously not to the same depth. It is this variation that gives us the range of different disciplines. The level of performance for each skill is therefore discipline-specific and as such should be considered with the nature of the discipline in mind.
Each assignment, activity, or course might usefully employ between approximately five and ten learning outcomes; this number allows the learning outcomes to cover a variety of knowledge and skills while retaining a focus on essential elements of the course.
Good learning outcomes focus on the application and integration of the knowledge and skills acquired in a particular unit of instruction (e.g. activity, course program, etc.), and emerge from a process of reflection on the essential contents of a course. More specifically, good learning outcomes:
SPEAK TO THE LEARNER: learning outcomes should address what the learner will know or be able to do at the completion of the course
Are very specific, and use active language – and verbs in particular – that make expectations clear. This informs students of the standards by which they will be assessed, and ensures that student and instructor goals in the course are aligned. Where possible, avoid terms like understand, demonstrate, or discuss that can be interpreted in many ways.
Should be flexible: while individual outcomes should be specific, instructors should feel comfortable adding, removing, or adjusting learning outcomes over the length of a course if initial outcomes prove to be inadequate.
Good learning outcomes are focused on what the learner will know or be able to do by the end of a defined period of time and indicate how that knowledge or skill will be demonstrated.
Learning outcomes should use specific language, and should clearly indicate expectations for student performance.
One unit of instruction – whether a course, assignment, or workshop – might have multiple learning outcomes that span a range levels of learning as described by Bloom’s Taxonomy and indicated by relevant, active verbs.
assess the strengths and weaknesses of alternative strategies for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data from needs analyses and evaluations in direct practice, program and policy interventions
2. The methods and materials of instruction are congruent with the outcomes to be achieved. 3. The instruction is designed to fit the characteristics and needs of the students. 4.
7. Assessment results provide information useful for evaluating the appropriateness of the objectives, the methods, and the materials of instruction.
achievement assessment is a broad category that includes all of the various methods for determining the extent to which students are achieving the intended learning outcomes of instruction. Can also contribute to student motivation, the retention and transfer of learning, student self-evaluation skills, and an evaluation of instructional effectiveness. It also contributes to improved learning and instruction is largely determined by the principles underlying their development and use.
Assessment results are interpreted in terms of each specific objective that a set of test items represents . This is frequently called criterion-referenced interpretation, but the more limited designation is preferable where interpretation is limited to each separate objective.
(1) during the planning of instruction, (2) at the beginning of instruction, (3) during instruction, and (4) at the end of instruction. What are 2 things Teachers need to answer when planning instruction. 1.
is concerned with observable skills (e.g., speaking) or a product (e.g., writing) and typically requires the use of a checklist, rating scale, or scoring rubric (scoring guide). Authentic Assessments.
If the learning is going well, he or she continues; if not, adjustments are made and monitored to ensure learning occurs
It promotes regulation of three types of knowledge: declarative (factual); procedural (how to do something); and conditional (when to use a specific skill or strategy)
For at-risk students, metacognition teaches that learning ability is something that can be improved rather than something that is beyon their control
A way to reach students with different learning styles, different abilities to absorb inforamtion, and different ways of expressing what they have learned.
In concept attainment strategies, teachers provide students with examples and non-examples to identify a concept.