14. B: The CDC reports that adults in the U.S. are at high risk of developing diabetes. Females are at higher risk than males and Hispanics/Latinos are at the greatest risk. 15. Which of the following measures does not help to prevent diabetes complications?
Select all that apply. When providing teaching about nutrition to a patient diagnosed with diabetes, what instruction should the nurse include? Eat consistent amounts of food at consistent times. What method must the patient with diabetes use with regard to insulin safety? Discard any unused insulin after 28 days.
What action is important for a patient with diabetes to take on sick days? Check urine for ketones. The nurse is providing teaching to a patient at risk for the development of type 2 diabetes. The nurse explains which benefits of exercise for this patient? Select all that apply.
Eat consistent amounts of food at consistent times. What method must the patient with diabetes use with regard to insulin safety? Discard any unused insulin after 28 days. The nurse is teaching a patient about the manifestations and emergency treatment of hypoglycemia.
Managing your diabetes is a great way to reduce fatigue, bladder problems, and other diabetes symptoms. In addition, controlling your diabetes can reduce your chances of experiencing vision problems, dementia, and other serious medical issues.
So how about some positives:It won't even make you feel ill much of the time.It won't stop you doing anything.You can eat whatever you want.You can refuse food you don't want and blame diabetes – nobody will dare argue.You'll get free prescriptions for life.You'll get regular health checks for life.More items...
ManagementMeals. Contrary to popular belief there is no specific diabetes diet. ... Movement. Movement or exercise helps the body utilize insulin more efficiently to keep blood sugar under control and it aids in weight management. ... Medication. ... Monitoring.
Lower blood pressure. Better control of weight. Increased level of good cholesterol (HDL) Leaner, stronger muscles.
What are the major complications of diabetes?Eye problems (retinopathy) ... Diabetes foot problems are serious and can lead to amputation if untreated. ... Heart attack and stroke. ... Kidney problems (nephropathy) ... Nerve damage (neuropathy) ... Gum disease and other mouth problems. ... Related conditions, like cancer.More items...
Here are 11 ways to lower your risk of getting diabetes.Reduce your total carb intake. ... Exercise regularly. ... Drink water as your primary beverage. ... Try to lose excess weight. ... Quit smoking. ... Reduce your portion sizes. ... Cut back on sedentary behaviors. ... Follow a high fiber diet.More items...
SymptomsIncreased thirst.Frequent urination.Extreme hunger.Unexplained weight loss.Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not enough available insulin)Fatigue.Irritability.Blurred vision.More items...•
10 Facts About DiabetesThere are 3 types. ... The vast majority of people with diabetes have Type 2 diabetes. ... Diabetes is a leading cause of death in the world. ... Type 1 diabetes is most common in young people. ... Type 2 diabetes is preventable. ... Cases of Type 2 diabetes have doubled in America in the past 20 years.More items...•
When you have diabetes, you should closely monitor three key areas: blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure and cholesterol. These are sometimes referred to as the ABCs of diabetes management. Monitoring these will also help you make lifestyle changes to improve your diabetes control.
Strength Training Helps Protect Against Diabetes Complications. By improving insulin health and lowering high blood sugar levels, strength training helps guard against some of the complications of type 2 diabetes.
AdvertisementExercise controls weight. Exercise can help prevent excess weight gain or help maintain weight loss. ... Exercise combats health conditions and diseases. ... Exercise improves mood. ... Exercise boosts energy. ... Exercise promotes better sleep. ... Exercise puts the spark back into your sex life. ... Exercise can be fun … and social!
Being physically active can improve your brain health, help manage weight, reduce the risk of disease, strengthen bones and muscles, and improve your ability to do everyday activities. Adults who sit less and do any amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity gain some health benefits.
One of the main goals of any diabetes control regimen is keeping blood glucose levels in the near-normal range. The cornerstones of most plans to achieve that goal include following a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and taking insulin or other medicines as necessary.
Potassium levels should be monitored and corrected when necessary. Beta-blockers. Beta-blockers are the other major class of blood-pressure-lowering drugs that have been implicated in causing diabetes or worsening diabetes control.
Glucocorticoids counteract the effect of insulin on the liver and stimulate the production of glucose. They also block the entry of glucose into the muscles and fat tissue by preventing glucose-transport proteins in the cells of those tissues from reach ing the cell membrane , where they normally serve to remove glucose from the blood. These drugs have many other serious side effects, including osteoporosis, suppression of the adrenal glands, and cataracts. For these reasons, they are only used when the possible benefits outweigh the risks. Many of these drugs are now available in an inhaled form for asthma or an intranasal form for allergies. These forms of delivery are associated with far fewer side effects than oral forms, including those related to the body’s use of glucose.
Once insulin travels from the pancreas via the bloodstream to the target cell, it binds to the receptor on the outside of the cell and starts off signals on the inside of the cell. These signals initiate several of the ultimate actions of insulin, including increasing the number of glucose-transport proteins (proteins that help bring glucose into cells, thereby lowering blood glucose) and increasing the number of enzyme proteins that help break down and use glucose.
Insulin acts on three major organs: the liver, the muscles, and fat tissue. In the liver, insulin enhances the uptake of glucose and prevents the liver from forming new glucose, which it normally does to maintain fasting glucose levels. In muscle and fat tissue, insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose and prevents the flow of glucose-forming metabolites (products of metabolism) from these tissues to the liver. Insulin does this by interacting with the insulin receptor, a protein that extends from the outside to the inside of liver, muscle, and fat cells.
Insulin is released from the beta cells of the pancreas in response to rising levels of glucose in the bloodstream, rising levels of a hormone called GLP-1 (which is released from the intestines in response to glucose), and signals from the nerve connections to the pancreas.
The liver, muscles, and fat tissue are important “sinks” for glucose storage, and anything that interferes with the delivery of glucose to those tissues will tend to raise blood glucose. As mentioned earlier, the liver can both absorb and produce glucose. Several hormones, as well as drugs, may stimulate the liver’s production of glucose.
Tap card to see definition 👆. 1. A: Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It primarily affects children and young adults and is unrelated to diet.
2. C: Type 2 diabetes accounts for the overwhelming majority of cases diagnosed in adults. It develops gradually, beginning with insulin resistance and as the requirement for insulin increases, the pancreas becomes progressively less able to produce it.
6. D: Persons with elevated glucose levels that do not yet meet the criteria for diabetes are considered to have prediabetes and are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Weight loss and increasing physical activity can help people with prediabetes prevent or postpone the onset of type 2 diabetes.
Used as a diagnostic tool, A1C levels of 6.5% or higher on two tests indicate diabetes. A1C of 6% to 6.5% is considered prediabetes. 9.
7. A: Diabetics who smoke are at greater risk of developing heart disease because both diabetes and smoking act to narrow blood vessels. Smoking also is associated with increased risk of eye problems and may compromise circulation to the legs. 8.
4. ebnvironmental. 1. A: Type 1 diabetes is a primary failure of pancreatic beta cells to produce insulin. It primarily affects children and young adults and is unrelated to diet.
17. C: Biguanides, such as metformin, lower blood glucose by reducing the amount of glucose produced by the liver. Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides stimulate the beta cells of the pancreas to produce more insulin. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors block the breakdown of starches and some sugars, which helps to reduce blood glucose levels
A patient with chronic renal insufficiency was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. The nurse should contact the health care provider and hold which medication?
Discard any unused insulin after 28 days. The nurse is teaching a patient about the manifestations and emergency treatment of hypoglycemia. In assessing the patient's knowledge, the nurse asks the patient what he or she should do if feeling hungry and shaky.
The uptake of glucose by body cells is signaled by a hormone secreted by the pancreas.
If cells cannot utilize glucose for energy, the body will break down fat, which produces acidic molecules called
Kara was tested for diabetes. Her fasting plasma glucose test showed a level of 120 mg/dL. This indicates that
There is no genetic connection to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes can result in hunger and weight loss because
Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. The body does not make glucose.
Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes include symptoms of diabetes plus random plasma glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL, or a fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126 mg/dL. 3.A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is attending a nutrition class.
Regular insulin (a short-acting insulin) peaks in 2 to 3 hours, and NPH (an intermediate-acting insulin) peaks in 4 to 10 hours. Hypoglycemia would most likely occur between 9 am and 5 pm (0900 to 1700 hours). Glipizide (Glucotrol) 10 mg bid PO has been ordered for an adult client with type 2 diabetes.
Insulin administration plays a less important role in the treatment of HHS because it is not needed for reversal of acidosis, as in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). 16.A nurse is caring for a patient with type 1 diabetes who is being discharged home tomorrow.
Alpha glucosidase inhibitors work by delaying the absorption of glucose in the intestinal system, resulting in a lower postprandial blood glucose level. 7.A diabetes nurse educator is teaching a group of patients with type 1 diabetes about sick day rules.
22.A nurse is caring for a patient newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The nurse is educating the patient about self-administration of insulin in the home setting.
Classic clinical manifestations of diabetes include the three Ps: polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Lack of interest in sweet foods, fatigue, and foul-smelling urine are not suggestive of diabetes. 13.A diabetes educator is teaching a patient about type 2 diabetes.
Historically, DSME/S has been provided through a formal program where patients and family members participate in an outpatient service conducted at a hospital/health facility.
Reimbursement for DSME/S is available from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and many private payers.
The diabetes education algorithm provides an evidence-based visual depiction of when to identify and refer individuals with type 2 diabetes to DSME/S ( Figs. 1 and 2) (figures are also available as a slide set at professional.diabetes.org/dsmeslides ).
Diabetes is a complex and burdensome disease that requires the person with diabetes to make numerous daily decisions regarding food, physical activity, and medications. It also necessitates that the person be proficient in a number of self-management skills ( 35, 75, 76 ).
The authors gratefully acknowledge the commitment and support of the collaborating organizations—the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; their colleagues, including members of the Executive Committee of the National Diabetes Education Program, who participated in discussions and reviews about this inaugural position statement; and patients who teach and inspire them.
Propranolol and octreotide are more examples of drugs that can both raise and lower blood glucose.
T1DM is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
A. DM patients have increased rates of hospitalizations and mortality from influenza and pneumococcal disease
Given the patient's significantly elevated random plasma glucose and A1c, this patient should be started both metformin and insulin. If the patient's A1c was ≥9% (but less than 10%), the PCP could consider starting the patient on 2 oral DM medications instead of insulin. This patient should not be allowed to step foot in a McDonalds.