There are (3) major citation styles used in academic writing: Modern Language Association (MLA) American Psychological Association (APA) Chicago, which supports two styles: Notes and Bibliography. Author-Date. There are many other citation styles used in specific academic journals.
The citation style you choose will largely be dictated by the discipline in which you're writing, and for most assignments your instructor will assign a style to you. However, as you progress through your academic career, you may find more flexibility in choosing a style that works for you.
Style manuals and guides dictate more than just in-text citation and reference list formatting. They also have rules for how to structure your paper and, in some cases, the cover sheet for your paper. Don't worry, each citation style has its own manual to help you figure out exactly how it all works.
Select the type of course material you are citing using the tabs. In-text citation examples shown are for paraphrases and summaries ( Author-Date pattern). When citing a direct quote, you will also need to include either a page number or paragraph number ( Author-Date-# pattern).
MLA. MLA citation style is most frequently used in the humanities (literature, languages, art). The MLA Handbook was first published by the Modern Language Association in 1951.
APA (American Psychological Association) is used by Education, Psychology, and Sciences. MLA (Modern Language Association) style is used by the Humanities. Chicago/Turabian style is generally used by Business, History, and the Fine Arts.
MLA is most often used in the Humanities disciplines including, but not limited to: English Language & Literature.
APA. APA Style was created by the American Psychological Association and was originally used in psychology and the social sciences. Today many other disciplines also use it. APA's citation style uses an author-date system of parenthetical citation.
APA is the style of documentation of sources used by the American Psychological Association. This form of writing research papers is used mainly in the social sciences, like psychology, anthropology, sociology, as well as education and other fields.
APA style uses the author/date method of citation in which the author's last name and the year of the publication are inserted in the actual text of the paper. It is the style recommended by the American Psychological Association and used in many of the social sciences.
MLA style is most commonly used to cite sources within the language arts, cultural studies, and other humanities disciplines.
MLA is more commonly used than APA at the high school level. However, both APA and MLA are used at the college level. MLA (Modern Language Association) format is used for humanities and literature works. APA (American Psychological Association) is used for technical and scientific works.
humanitiesMLA Style is typically reserved for writers and students preparing manuscripts in various humanities disciplines such as: English Studies - Language and Literature. Foreign Languages and Literatures. Literary Criticism.
APA is most often used in the disciplines of: Social Sciences (including Psychology, Education, Sociology, Economics, Criminal Justice, etc.)
CSE is a citation style that is preferred in the field of biology.
There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions. They are called the MLA (Modern Languages Association) system, the APA (American Psychological Association) system, the Harvard system, and the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.
Citation styles dictate more than just in-text citation and reference list formatting. They also have rules for how to structure your paper and, in some cases, the cover sheet for your paper. Don't worry, each citation style has its own manual to help you figure out exactly how it all works.
MLA style uses parenthetical in-text citations and a "Works Cited" list at the end of a paper to link sources
Chicago author-date utilizes parenthetical in-text citations and a references or works cited list at the end, similar to the APA style.
The American Psychological Association style is the preferred style for science and social science documents. APA style stipulates double-spacing with one-inch margins on all four sides of the document. The preferred typeface for APA style is 12-point Times New Roman. The APA citation style requires in-text citations and a full reference list ...
The in-text citation identifies the source and points the reader to the works cited list, found following the document. Generally, the in-text citation should include the author's last name and the pages of the cited information, and you should place it immediately after the quoted or paraphrased text.
A fundamental difference between CMS and Turabian styles involves publication. CMS is generally for published works, and Turabian style serves works that will not be published. Citations in Turabian style are generally the same as CMS style.
The Chicago Manual of Style citation format is used in the natural and social sciences as well as humanities documents. When writing something that you will publish, CMS style is the standard. CMS style requires a superscript number after quoted or paraphrased text. Number each citation sequentially throughout the document.
Plagiarism involves both intentional and unintentional copying of someone else's ideas and written work. Because plagiarism is a serious offense that could have serious academic repercussions, ...
Because plagiarism is a serious offense that could have serious academic repercussions, it's important to avoid it. Even unintentional plagiarism can carry a stiff penalty. Understanding plagiarism and its consequences is the first step to avoiding this mistake.
In-text citations are located within the text of your paper and references are located in the references page at the end of your paper. References use a hanging indent. Click here for more information! References are double spaced . If your course material has more than one author, click here. If your course material is missing an author, date, ...
Please note that according to APA formatting rules, references are double spaced in the References list (see rule 6.22 in the Publication Manual). Due to space limitations, examples of APA references provided below are single spaced.