The HardyWeinberg equation is a tool biologists use to make predictions about a population and to show whether or not evolution is occurring in that population.
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The Hardy-Weinberg principle, named after the scholars who introduced the idea, states that if a population is not evolving, the allele and genotype frequencies will not change between generations. An allele is a version of a gene, and a genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual. The mechanisms of evolution all have one thing in common: They ...
If the predicted genotype frequencies match the actual genotype frequencies of a population, then evolution is not occurring at that locus. For example, a butterfly population might have some butterflies that are blue (BB), some that are purple (Bb), and some that are pink (bb).