what are the factors that influence the etiology and course of respiratory infections?

Symptoms

There are several factors affecting respiratory disorders some of them are: These are the diseases that affect the tubes or airways or the passage which carries the oxygen and other gases into the lungs and out of the lungs. This normally causes the narrowing or blockage of the airways or passage.

Causes

Etiology: Causative agents of lower respiratory infections are viral or bacterial. Viruses cause most cases of bronchitis and bronchiolitis. In community-acquired pneumonias, the most common bacterial agent is Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Prevention

Smoking is a common risk factor for URI Immunocompromised individuals including those with cystic fibrosis, HIV, use of corticosteroids, transplantation, and post-splenectomy are at high risk for URI Anatomical anomalies including facial dysmorphic changes or nasal polyposis also increase the risk of URI Epidemiology

Complications

Infectious agents gain access to the lower respiratory tract by the inhalation of aerosolized material, by aspiration of upper airway flora, or by hematogenous seeding. Pneumonia occurs when lung defense mechanisms are diminished or overwhelmed.

What are the factors affecting respiratory disorders?

What are the causes of lower respiratory tract infections?

What are the risk factors for upper respiratory tract infections?

How do infectious agents gain access to the lower respiratory tract?

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What are the different factors that causes infection to the respiratory system?

You get an upper respiratory infection when a virus (or bacteria) enters your respiratory system. For example, you might touch an infected surface or shake hands with a person who's sick. You then touch your mouth, nose or eyes. The germs from your hands enter and infect your body.

What is the etiology of common upper respiratory infections?

The most common virus is rhinovirus. Other viruses include the influenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Bacteria may cause roughly 15% of sudden onset pharyngitis presentations.

What are 4 types of respiratory infections?

Differences Between the Most Common Respiratory Infections. Four of the most common types of respiratory infections are COVID-19, the flu, pneumococcal disease, and colds.

What are the risk factors of acute respiratory infection?

Acute respiratory infections are among the top five childhood killer diseases, the risk factors identified in this study such as age, sex, poor breast feeding practice, overcrowding, malnutrition, poor socio-economic status, attendance to day care centers and passive smoking were similar to the documented risk factors ...

What are respiratory infections?

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs. Most RTIs get better without treatment, but sometimes you may need to see a GP.

What are three common respiratory infections?

General ConceptsUpper Respiratory Infections: Common Cold, Sinusitis, Pharyngitis, Epiglottitis and Laryngotracheitis. Etiology: Most upper respiratory infections are of viral etiology. ... Lower Respiratory Infections: Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia.

What are the most common respiratory diseases?

The two most common chronic respiratory diseases are asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These both affect the airways in the lungs. Asthma is characterized by recurrent attacks of breathlessness and wheezing due to airway narrowing, which vary in severity and frequency from person to person.

What are the different types of respiratory diseases?

UnityPoint Health pulmonologist, Jim Meyer, DO, tells us the top eight respiratory system illnesses.Asthma. ... Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ... Chronic Bronchitis. ... Emphysema. ... Lung Cancer. ... Cystic Fibrosis/Bronchiectasis. ... Pneumonia. ... Pleural Effusion.More items...•

What bacteria cause respiratory infections?

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common bacterial pathogens in upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

What is an upper respiratory infection?

Upper respiratory tract infections can be defined as self-limited irritation and swelling of the upper airways with associated cough with no proof of pneumonia, lacking a separate condition to account for the patient symptoms, or with no history of COPD/emphysema/chronic bronchitis. [1]  Upper respiratory tract infections involve the nose, ...

How many days of school are missed due to respiratory tract infections?

Upper respiratory tract infections are accountable for greater than 20 million missed days of school and greater than 20 million days of work lost, thus generating a large economic burden. [6] Pathophysiology. A URTI usually involves direct invasion of the upper airway mucosa by the organism.

What is the term for a cough with no proof of pneumonia?

Upper respiratory tract infections can be defined as self-limited irritation and swelling of the upper airways with associated cough with no proof of pneumonia, lacking a separate condition to account for the patient symptoms, or with no history of COPD/emphysema/chronic bronchitis. [1]  .

What is the most common virus in the world?

Common cold continues to be a large burden on society, economically and socially. The most common virus is rhinovirus. Other viruses include the influenza virus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus. Bacteria may cause roughly 15% of sudden onset pharyngitis presentations.

What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?

Upper respiratory tract infections involve the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and large air ways. This activity examines when an upper respiratory tract infections should be considered on differential diagnosis and how to properly evaluate it.

How long does it take for rhinovirus to spread?

As soon as 10 to 12 hours after inoculation, symptoms may begin.

What are the common diseases that are associated with URIs?

These cause a variety of patient diseases including acute bronchitis, the common cold, influenza, and respiratory distress syndromes. Defining most of these patient diseases is difficult because the presentations connected with upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) commonly overlap and their causes are similar.

Factors Associated With Respiratory Disorders

There are several factors affecting respiratory disorders some of them are:

Types of Respiratory System Diseases

These are the diseases that affect the tubes or airways or the passage which carries the oxygen and other gases into the lungs and out of the lungs. This normally causes the narrowing or blockage of the airways or passage. Airway diseases are such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and bronchiectasis.

Causes of Respiratory Diseases

We are facing different types of respiratory disorders major disorders are:

Things to Remember

The respiratory system is the major system for breathing and heart functioning.

Sample Questions

Ans: Allergic asthma: This type of asthma which is caused by various allergens, such as pollen grains and atmospheric dust, chemicals.

Causes of ARIs and the Burden of Disease

ARIs in children take a heavy toll on life, especially where medical care is not available or is not sought.

Interventions

Interventions to control ARIs can be divided into four basic categories: immunization against specific pathogens, early diagnosis and treatment of disease, improvements in nutrition, and safer environments ( John 1994 ).

Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions

Pneumonia is responsible for about a fifth of the estimated 10.6 million deaths per year of children under five. Where primary health care is weak, reducing mortality through public health measures is a high priority.

Implementation of ARI Control Strategies: Lessons of Experience

The lessons of ARI prevention and control strategies that have been implemented by national programs include the vaccination and case-management strategies discussed below.

Research and Development Agenda

The research and development agenda outlined below summarizes the priorities that have been established by advisory groups to the Initiative for Vaccine Research (vaccine intervention strategies) and the WHO Division of the Child and Adolescent Health (case-management strategies).

Conclusions: Promises and Pitfalls

The evidence clearly shows that the WHO case-management approach and the wider use of available vaccines will reduce ARI mortality among young children by half to two-thirds.