what happened in 70 ce ad that changed the course of judaism

by Mrs. Stephania O'Keefe Published 2 years ago Updated 1 year ago 5 min read

On the 9th of the month of Av (August 29) in ad 70, Jerusalem fell; the Temple was burned, and the Jewish state collapsed, although the fortress of Masada was not conquered by the Roman general Flavius Silva until April 73.

What happened to Judaism when the Second Temple was destroyed in 70 CE?

It brought about the destruction of the Second Temple in the month of Av 70 CE and the total destruction of the upper city of Jerusalem which burned for over a month. Thousands of Jews were killed in the Revolt and thousands more were taken into Roman captivity.

Who conquered Jerusalem in 70 CE?

Roman general TitusRoman general Titus stormed Jerusalem in ad 70 in a bloody battle that destroyed much of the city.

What happened to the Jews in 73 CE?

The siege of Masada was one of the final events in the First Jewish–Roman War, occurring from 73 to 74 CE on and around a hilltop in present-day Israel. The siege is known to history via a single source, Flavius Josephus, a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became an historian.

Who destroyed the Second Temple in 70 AD?

the RomansThe Jews led a revolt and occupied Jerusalem in 66 CE initiating the first Roman-Jewish war. In 70 CE the Romans reclaimed Jerusalem and destroyed the Second Temple with only a portion of the western wall remaining (though recent archeological discoveries date portions of the wall to later periods).

What really happened in 70 AD?

On the 9th of the month of Av (August 29) in ad 70, Jerusalem fell; the Temple was burned, and the Jewish state collapsed, although the fortress of Masada was not conquered by the Roman general Flavius Silva until April 73.

How many Jews died in AD 70?

1,100,000 JewsWhen the Roman legions destroyed Judaea and Jerusalem in A.D. 70, Josephus says that more than 1,100,000 Jews perished and nearly 100,000 were taken captive.

What happened in Masada 73 AD?

Every schoolchild in Israel knows the story of how Jewish heroes revolted against the pagan Romans, holed up in the desert fortress of Masada – and opted for mass suicide, killing themselves and their families, over capture and humiliation by Emperor Vespasian's forces.

What was the result of the rebellion in Judea in 70 CE quizlet?

After the Roman Empire quelled the rebellion in Judea in 70 C.E., the action "culminated in the destruction of Jerusalem and the scattering (or 'diaspora') of the Jewish community."

What did the Romans do to the Jews?

They destroyed the Great Temple, the center of the Jewish religion. In A.D. 70, Roman troops retook Jerusalem from Jewish rebels, destroyed the Great Temple, and razed the city. Hundreds of thousands died in the slaughter. About 1,000 Zealots escaped to a fort, called Masada, on a mountaintop in the desert.

Why did the Romans destroy Jerusalem in 70 AD?

Attack on Jerusalem The obvious military superiority was on show as the Romans forced the Zealots in to fighting on the streets. The Romans were destroying and burning the city and slaughtering the Jewish people in their wake.

How did the destruction of the Second Temple change Judaism?

The destruction of the Second Temple brought about a dramatic change in Judaism. Rabbinic Judaism built upon Jewish tradition while adjusting to new realities. Temple ritual was replaced with prayer service in synagogues which built upon practices of Jews in the diaspora dating back to the Babylonian exile.

Why did God destroy the Second Temple?

The Second Temple stood for approximately 585 years before its destruction in 70 CE by the Roman Empire as retaliation for an ongoing Jewish revolt.

Who was the Roman emperor in 70 AD?

Titus Vespasianus AugustusTitus, in full Titus Vespasianus Augustus, original name Titus Flavius Vespasianus, (born Dec. 30, 39 ce—died Sept. 13, 81 ce), Roman emperor (79–81), and the conqueror of Jerusalem in 70.

Who conquered Jerusalem?

Early History of Jerusalem In 1000 B.C., King David conquered Jerusalem and made it the capital of the Jewish kingdom. His son, Solomon, built the first holy Temple about 40 years later.

What year did Nebuchadnezzar capture Jerusalem?

597Nebuchadnezzar's strategic planning appeared in his attack on the Arab tribes of northwestern Arabia, in preparation for the occupation of Judah. He attacked Judah a year later and captured Jerusalem on March 16, 597, deporting King Jehoiachin to Babylon.

What happened to the Temple in Jerusalem in 70 AD?

By the year 70, the attackers had breached Jerusalem's outer walls and began a systematic ransacking of the city. The assault culminated in the burning and destruction of the Temple that served as the center of Judaism. In victory, the Romans slaughtered thousands.

Overview

The siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea. Following a brutal five-month siege, the Romans destroyed the city and the Second Jewish Temple.

Dating

Josephus places the siege in the second year of Vespasian, which corresponds to year 70 of the Common Era.

Background

During the Second Temple Period, Jerusalem was the center of religious and national life for Jews, including those in the Diaspora. The Second Temple attracted tens and maybe hundreds of thousands during the Three Pilgrimage Festivals. The city reached a peak in size and population during the late Second Temple period, when the city covered two square kilometres (3⁄4 square mile) and had an estimated population of 200,000. In his Natural History, Pliny the Elder celebrate…

Jerusalem during the revolt

According to Gittin (a tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud) the origin of the war was in a personal dispute between Kamsa and Bar Kamsa over hospitality.
The First Jewish–Roman War, also known as the Great Jewish Revolt, broke following the appointment of prefect Gessius Florus and his demand to receive Temple funds. Florus plundered the Second Temple, claiming the money was for the Emperor, and in the next day launching a rai…

Siege

Titus began his siege a few days before Passover, on 14 Xanthicus (April), surrounding the city with three legions (V Macedonica, XII Fulminata, XV Apollinaris) on the western side and a fourth (X Fretensis) on the Mount of Olives, to the east. If the reference in his Jewish War at 6:421 is to Titus's siege, though difficulties exist with its interpretation, then at the time, according to Jo…

Destruction

The account of Josephus described Titus as moderate in his approach and, after conferring with others, ordering that the 500-year-old Temple be spared. According to Josephus, it was the Jews who first used fire in the Northwest approach to the Temple to try and stop Roman advances. Only then did Roman soldiers set fire to an apartment adjacent to the Temple, starting a conflagrati…

Aftermath

After the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the city and its temple, there were still a few Judean strongholds in which the rebels continued holding out, at Herodium, Machaerus, and Masada. Both Herodium and Machaerus fell to the Roman army within the next two years, with Masada remaining as the final stronghold of the Judean rebels. In 73 CE, the Romans breached the walls of Masada and captured the fortress, with Josephus claiming that nearly all of the Jew…

Commemoration

The Flavian dynasty celebrated the fall of Jerusalem by building two monumental triumphal arches. The Arch of Titus, which stills stands today, was built c. 82 CE by the Roman Emperor Domitian on Via Sacra, Rome, to commemorate the siege and fall of Jerusalem. The bas-relief on the arch depicts soldiers carrying spoils from the Temple, including the Menorah, during a victory procession. A second…