what are the major explanations/determinants of countries' trading partners? course hero

by Ashley Beier 5 min read

What are the determinants of exchange rates?

Determinants of Exchange Rates. Numerous factors determine exchange rates. Many of these factors are related to the trading relationship between the two countries. Remember, exchange rates are relative, and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries.

How does the value of a currency depend on its trading partners?

If the price of exports rises by a smaller rate than that of its imports, the currency's value will decrease in relation to its trading partners. Foreign investors inevitably seek out stable countries with strong economic performance in which to invest their capital.

How do terms of trade affect the value of a currency?

Increasing terms of trade shows' greater demand for the country's exports. This, in turn, results in rising revenues from exports, which provides increased demand for the country's currency (and an increase in the currency's value). If the price of exports rises by a smaller rate than that of its imports,...

How do exports affect the value of a country's currency?

This, in turn, results in rising revenues from exports, which provides increased demand for the country's currency (and an increase in the currency's value). If the price of exports rises by a smaller rate than that of its imports, the currency's value will decrease in relation to its trading partners.

Why are foreigners less willing to own securities denominated in that currency?

Why do foreign investors seek out stable countries?

Why is currency exchange important?

How does exchange rate affect investment returns?

Why are exchange rates important?

Why do countries have large deficits?

What is terms of trade?

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7 factors that influence exchange rates - Alpari

Exchange rates are one of the most watched and analysed economic measures across the world and are a key indicator of a country’s economic health. The exchange rate can be defined as the rate at which one country's currency may be converted into another. Rates are not just important to governments and large financial institutions. They also matter on a smaller scale, having an impact on the ...

Main Factors which Affect the Exchange Rate - Your Article Library

ADVERTISEMENTS: The three main factors which affect the exchange rate are as follows: 1. Purchasing Power Parity: The Relative Price Levels 2. Rate of Inflation and Exchange Rate 3. Interest Rates and Exchange Rate. 1. Purchasing Power Parity: The Relative Price Levels: If there are no restrictions imposed on trade by the countries the exchange […]

How Exchange Rate Influence a Country’s Import and Export

International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 7, Issue 5, May-2016 132

Why are foreigners less willing to own securities denominated in that currency?

Foreigners will be less willing to own securities denominated in that currency if the risk of default is great. For this reason, the country's debt rating (as determined by Moody's or Standard & Poor's, for example) is a crucial determinant of its exchange rate.

Why do foreign investors seek out stable countries?

A country with such positive attributes will draw investment funds away from other countries perceived to have more political and economic risk. Political turmoil, for example, can cause a loss of confidence in a currency and a movement of capital to the currencies of more stable countries.

Why is currency exchange important?

Aside from factors such as interest rates and inflation, the currency exchange rate is one of the most important determinants of a country's relative level of economic health. A higher-valued currency makes a country's imports less expensive and its exports more expensive in foreign markets.

How does exchange rate affect investment returns?

A declining exchange rate obviously decreases the purchasing power of income and capital gains derived from any returns. Moreover, the exchange rate influences other income factors such as interest rates, inflation and even capital gains from domestic securities. While exchange rates are determined by numerous complex factors that often leave even the most experienced economists flummoxed, investors should still have some understanding of how currency values and exchange rates play an important role in the rate of return on their investments.

Why are exchange rates important?

Exchange rates play a vital role in a country's level of trade, which is critical to most every free market economy in the world. For this reason, exchange rates are among the most watched, analyzed and governmentally manipulated economic measures.

Why do countries have large deficits?

The reason? A large debt encourages inflation, and if inflation is high, the debt will be serviced and ultimately paid off with cheaper real dollars in the future.

What is terms of trade?

Terms of Trade. A ratio comparing export prices to import prices, the terms of trade is related to current accounts and the balance of payments. If the price of a country's exports rises by a greater rate than that of its imports, its terms of trade have favorably improved.

Why are foreigners less willing to own securities denominated in that currency?

Foreigners will be less willing to own securities denominated in that currency if the risk of default is great. For this reason, the country's debt rating (as determined by Moody's or Standard & Poor's, for example) is a crucial determinant of its exchange rate.

Why do foreign investors seek out stable countries?

A country with such positive attributes will draw investment funds away from other countries perceived to have more political and economic risk. Political turmoil, for example, can cause a loss of confidence in a currency and a movement of capital to the currencies of more stable countries.

Why is currency exchange important?

Aside from factors such as interest rates and inflation, the currency exchange rate is one of the most important determinants of a country's relative level of economic health. A higher-valued currency makes a country's imports less expensive and its exports more expensive in foreign markets.

How does exchange rate affect investment returns?

A declining exchange rate obviously decreases the purchasing power of income and capital gains derived from any returns. Moreover, the exchange rate influences other income factors such as interest rates, inflation and even capital gains from domestic securities. While exchange rates are determined by numerous complex factors that often leave even the most experienced economists flummoxed, investors should still have some understanding of how currency values and exchange rates play an important role in the rate of return on their investments.

Why are exchange rates important?

Exchange rates play a vital role in a country's level of trade, which is critical to most every free market economy in the world. For this reason, exchange rates are among the most watched, analyzed and governmentally manipulated economic measures.

Why do countries have large deficits?

The reason? A large debt encourages inflation, and if inflation is high, the debt will be serviced and ultimately paid off with cheaper real dollars in the future.

What is terms of trade?

Terms of Trade. A ratio comparing export prices to import prices, the terms of trade is related to current accounts and the balance of payments. If the price of a country's exports rises by a greater rate than that of its imports, its terms of trade have favorably improved.

Overview of Exchange Rates

Determinants of Exchange Rates

  • Numerous factors determine exchange rates. Many of these factors are related to the trading relationship between the two countries. Remember, exchange rates are relative, and are expressed as a comparison of the currencies of two countries. The following are some of the principal determinants of the exchange rate between two countries. Note that th...
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Differentials in Inflation

  • Typically, a country with a consistently lower inflation rate exhibits a rising currency value, as its purchasing power increases relative to other currencies. During the last half of the 20th century, the countries with low inflation included Japan, Germany, and Switzerland, while the U.S. and Canada achieved low inflation only later.1Those countries with higher inflation typically see depr…
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Differentials in Interest Rates

  • Interest rates, inflation, and exchange rates are all highly correlated. By manipulating interest rates, central banksexert influence over both inflation and exchange rates, and changing interest rates impact inflation and currency values. Higher interest rates offer lenders in an economy a higher return relative to other countries. Therefore, higher interest rates attract foreign capital an…
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Current Account Deficits

  • The current account is the balance of trade between a country and its trading partners, reflecting all payments between countries for goods, services, interest, and dividends. A deficitin the current account shows the country is spending more on foreign trade than it is earning, and that it is borrowing capital from foreign sources to make up the deficit. In other words, the country requir…
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Public Debt

  • Countries will engage in large-scale deficit financing to pay for public sector projects and governmental funding. While such activity stimulates the domestic economy, nations with large public deficits and debts are less attractive to foreign investors. The reason? A large debt encourages inflation, and if inflation is high, the debt will be serviced and ultimately paid off wit…
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Terms of Trade

  • A ratio comparing export prices to import prices, the terms of trade is related to current accounts and the balance of payments. If the price of a country's exports rises by a greater rate than that of its imports, its terms of trade have favorably improved. Increasing terms of trade shows' greater demand for the country's exports. This, in turn, results in rising revenues from exports, which pro…
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Strong Economic Performance

  • Foreign investors inevitably seek out stable countries with strong economic performancein which to invest their capital. A country with such positive attributes will draw investment funds away from other countries perceived to have more political and economic risk. Political turmoil, for example, can cause a loss of confidence in a currency and a movement of capital to the currenci…
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The Bottom Line

  • The exchange rate of the currency in which a portfolio holds the bulk of its investments determines that portfolio's real return. A declining exchange rate obviously decreases the purchasing power of income and capital gains derived from any returns. Moreover, the exchange rate influences other income factors such as interest rates, inflation and even capital gains fro…
See more on investopedia.com