process in which the solvent is increased in a solution course

What is solution formation in chemistry?

Solution Formation. Printer Friendly. solution process - like molecules dissolve like molecules. ionic compounds dissolved in polar solvent (w/ ion-dipole forces) covalent compounds dissolved in nonpolar solvent (w/ dispersion forces) forces between solvent/solute must be greater than forces between solute molecules.

What is a solvent in a solution?

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. For our purposes, we will generally be discussing solutions containing a single solute and water as the solvent. What is a solvent? In crudest terms it is the molecule in the mixture with the highest concentration.

What is meant by solvents-solvent interactions?

solute-solvent interactions - determines tendency of substances to mix polar liquids dissolve polar solutes, don’t dissolve nonpolar solutes miscible - describes substances that dissolve in each other

How do solute and solvent work together?

The solvent molecules are attracted to the molecules at the surface of the solute particles 2. The solvent molecules surround the solute molecules or ions 3. The solute molecules are carried into the solution 4. The solute is mixed with the solvent.

What is the process of adding more solvent to a solution?

Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute.

What is the process of solvation?

Solvation, or dissolution, is the process by which a solute dissolves into a solvent.

What is the process of recrystallization?

Recrystallization is a purification technique for solid compounds. To perform recrystallization, an impure solid compound is mixed with hot solvent to form a saturated solution. As this solution cools, the solubility of the compound decreases, and pure crystals grow from solution.

How can the solubility of a solvent be increased?

Temperature -- Generally, an increase in the temperature of the solution increases the solubility of a solid solute. For example, a greater amount of sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water.

When water is the solvent the process of solvation is called?

Solvation is the interaction of a solvent with the dissolved solute—in the case of water, solvation is often referred to as hydration.

When water is the solvent the solvation process is specifically?

hydrationIn the process of solvation, ions are surrounded by a concentric shell of solvent. Solvation is the process of reorganizing solvent and solute molecules into solvation complexes. Solvation involves bond formation, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces. Solvation of a solute by water is called hydration.

What is difference between crystallization and recrystallization?

What is the difference between Crystallization and Recrystallization? Recrystallization is done to crystals formed from a crystallization method. Crystallization is a separation technique. Recrystallization is used to purify the compound received from crystallization.

What is recrystallization annealing?

Recyrstallisation annealing is an annealing process applied to cold-worked metal to obtain nucleation and growth of new grains without phase change. This heat treatment removes the results of the heavy plastic deformation of highly shaped cold formed parts.

How do you increase yield in recrystallization?

In order to maximize your purity, you'd like to use enough solvent to dissolve the crystals and keep the impurities in solution even after cooling. In order to maximize your yield, you'd like to minimize the amount of solvent used so that as little as possible sample remains in solution after cooling.

What factors increase solubility?

Factors affecting solubilityTemperature. Basically, solubility increases with temperature. ... Polarity. In most cases solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity. ... Pressure. Solid and liquid solutes. ... Molecular size. ... Stirring increases the speed of dissolving.

How can we increase solubility of solid in liquid?

TEMPERATUREIncreasing the surface area of the solute will increase the rate of dissolving. ... Increase the temperature of the solvent. ... Stirring will also speed up the rate of dissolving a solid solute in a liquid solvent.

How does solubility of solute in solvent changes with increase in temperature?

The solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature.

What is a solution?

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. For our purposes, we will generally be discussing solutions containing a single solute and water as the solvent. What is a solvent? In crudest terms it is the molecule in the mixture with the highest concentration.

Why are the structures of the solution and the strengths of the attractions between the particles very similar?

Because the molecules are so similar, the structure of the solution and the strengths of the attractions between the particles are very similar to the structure and attractions found in the separate liquids.

What happens when hexane moves into water?

When a hexane molecule moves into the water, London forces between hexane molecules and hydrogen bonds between water molecules are broken.

Why does ethanol move into water?

Because the particles of a liquid are moving constantly, some of the ethanol particles at the boundary between the two liquids will immediately move into the water, and some of the water molecules will move into the ethanol . In this process, water-water and ethanol-ethanol attractions are broken and ethanol-water attractions are formed.

Why does gas not mix with water?

Gasoline and water do not mix because the nonpolar hydrocarbon molecules would disrupt the water in such a way as to produce a structure that was actually lower entropy; therefore, the mixture is less likely to exist than the separate liquids.

Why is the freedom of movement of ethanol molecules in water the same as the freedom of movement in the pure ethanol

Because the attractions between the particles are so similar , the freedom of movement of the ethanol molecules in the water solution is about the same as their freedom of movement in the pure ethanol. The same can be said for the water. Because of this freedom of movement, both liquids will spread out to fill the total volume ...

Why do coolants dissolve in water?

We can now explain why automobile radiator coolants dissolve in water. The coolants typically contain either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, which, like ethanol and water, contain hydrogen-bonding O−H bonds. These substances mix easily with water for the same reason that ethanol mixes easily with water. The attractions broken on mixing are ...

What is the process of extracting a metal valve from a solution?

Solvent extraction, the process of extracting a specific metal valve from a solution to concentrate and purify that metal is a multistage process involving liquid ion exchange. In the first stage the metal value, in this example copper, exists in the aqueous leachate as an copper ion. The aqueous leachate is mixed with a organic solution containing a ion specific extractant. The extractants commonly used for copper extraction are chelating agents which form a copper-chelate complex in the acid conditions of the leachate. The solubility of this complex is controlled by the pH of the aqueous solution. At low acid concentration of the leachate the formation of the copper-chelate complex is favored. At higher concentrations the equilibrium reverses and the hydrogen ion-chelate complex is formed. The copper and hydrogen chelate complexes are in the organic phase. When the reaction proceeds in the copper-chelating forming direction the process is termed Extraction, the reverse reaction is termed Strip.

What is the mass of copper lost from the leach solution in a period of time?

In the extraction section of solvent extraction the mass of copper lost from the leach solution in a period of time is equal to mass of copper gained by the organic phase in that same period of time.

How much acid is added to a raffinate?

For every gram of copper extracted from the leach solution 1.54 grams of acid is added to the raffinate. For every gram of copper stripped from the loaded organic 1.54 grams of acid is lost from the electrolyte. For every gram of copper plated in the tankhouse 1.54 grams of acid are produced.

How is the mass of copper leached from the ore in a given period of time?

The mass of copper leached from the ore in a given period of time is equal to the increase in the mass of co pper gained by the leach solution in that same period of time.

Why is copper a high quality electrolyte?

Because the acid strength of the strip solution is required to be high, the concentration of the copper in the aqueous phase, after the exchange of the copper and hydrogen ion, will be high. Solvent extraction as described in this simplified manner produces a high quality electrolyte for electrowinning of copper.