2% brineHOW MUCH SALT? The best fermentation results are achieved with a 2% brine. A 2% brine ratio ensures a happy fermentation environment and results in crispy, tangy sauerkraut.
Salt quality is important — never use iodized salt, and take care to use salt that has no additives. Sea salt works well, or rock salt. Watch out for the salt labelled 'pickling salt', it often has anti-caking agents in it which can negatively affect your fermentation.
Processed salts (table salt, sea salt, iodized salt, kosher salt and pickling salt), some of which don't contain additives and work well for beginning fermenters.
Fermented vegetables like cabbage generally do well with 2-3% salt by weight. That means that for every pound of cabbage you use, you should also use 1 ½ to 2 teaspoons salt. You can also weigh your cabbage using a kitchen scale, and then use 20 to 30 grams of salt for every kilogram of cabbage.
HOW MUCH SALT DO I USE? Our rule of thumb for salt in vegetable ferments is 1-3 tablespoons per quart of water.
Sea Salt. Although sea salt contains no additives, it is not recommended as a substitute for pickling salt because it is so dramatically different in grain size and shape from pickling salt, causing it to measure out very differently by volume than pickling salt.
Iodine tends to inhibit the beneficial bacteria in a cultured vegetable, so we do not recommend using iodized salt for vegetable fermentation.
Even some sea salts can be refined and stripped of their mineral content. I recommend using a mineral rich unrefined sea salt, such as Celtic Sea Salt in your ferments.
Kosher Salt It worked fine for our first ever batch of sauerkraut. However, it's grainy and doesn't dissolve well into a salt brine. Kosher salt does not contain iodine but it can contain anti-caking agents, so be sure to check the package to make sure it's just salt.
Unfortunatly, the amount of salt you used will not allow the fermentation process to occur. It will preserve the cabbage and is perfectly safe to eat, but it will not be fermented, therefor not saurkraut.
However, unlike cabbage, sauerkraut can be high in sodium. Keep this in mind if you're watching your salt intake. Sauerkraut is rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Its probiotics also help your body absorb these nutrients more easily, which is what makes sauerkraut more nutritious than raw cabbage or coleslaw.
KOSHER SALT It's popular because it has a thick, flakey texture that's easy for pinching and dissolves quickly with water to make a brine. Its taste is comparable to table salt, so it's an easy go-to for beginner fermenters. We highly recommend using kosher salt in any ferment!
So from step one, you discovered your cabbage weighs 2000g right? For step two, take that number (2000g) and multiply by .02. Notice how the number “2” is in .02? That’s how you end up with 2% salt.
Now, simply weigh your salt with a kitchen scale to match the answer you got above. That’s how much salt you should use. There are no tablespoons to measure here.
The University of Wisconsin-Madison and North Carolina State University have great information about fermenting vegetables, including sauerkraut: You can find these at the links below. When you click on these links, a PDF will either open or download.
One absolute essential of fermenting is calculating salt percentages. It's much easier in grams!
1. Get prepared - make sure your equipment is clean and your jars are sterilised.
There are a million ways you can flavour your kraut! a few of my personal favourites are:
Shred the cabbage and put it in a big bowl. Generally there are about 12 cups of shredded cabbage in a 2 pound head. Add 1 tablespoon of sea salt to the cabbage and mix it up. Let it sit for 15 minutes.
Go back to your cabbage mixture and massage and squeeze with your hands. When you squeeze the cabbage and liquid comes out, it’s ready to taste. Taste the cabbage at the bottom of the bowl and compare it to the brine you made. The salt level should taste similar.
I can’t stress enough how super important it is to get the salt amount right. Too little salt can cause the sauerkraut to get mushy or moldy and too much will slow the fermentation down significantly. Always start with the least amount of salt required and add more if needed. This will ensure you will get perfectly salted sauerkraut each time.
You see, some salt is coarse, some fine and some in between. One tablespoon of any of these is actually a different amount of salt. So, one tablespoon of fine grain salt will generally weigh more than coarse salt. That’s because more of the finer granules can fit into one tablespoon. The granules are closer together and packed more tightly.
Let’s get a closer look at different types of salt in the photo below.
Most sauerkraut recipes don’t tell you if you should be using a level tablespoon, a heaping tablespoon, or something in between. A leveled tablespoon is where you slide a butter knife across the top of the spoon. It leaves the salt exactly level with the height of the tablespoon.
What makes matters worse is that the size of a tablespoon made in one country is sometimes different than another country. For instance, Australia uses a 20ml tablespoon. In contrast, most of the rest of the world uses a 15ml tablespoon. Further to that, North America does not have a legal standard on what size a tablespoon should be made.
In the olden days, people used to ferment foods like cabbage as a means to preserve veggies over the cold harsh winters when little food was available. These days it tends to be used as an incredible health food as a source of super-healthy friendly bacteria that supports our gut and overall health.
Temperature is important for the developmental stage of the sauerkraut.
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