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Westerns have slid in and out of fashion over the decades. But they've always shifted and changed to reflect the ideals and concerns of the eras in which they were made... Tom Mix and Mrs Mix mixed things up.
The Western Design, 1655 The Western Design, 1655 T he English attack on the Spanish West Indies was intended to secure a base of operations in the Caribbean from which to threaten trade and treasure routes in the Spanish Main, thus weakening Catholic influence in the New World. The Council of State first discussed the plan in June 1654.
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In the late 19th century, Japanese aesthetics and craftsmanship overtook Paris, inspiring a movement that would radically transform Europe's visual culture.
Japonisme is a French term that refers to the popularity and influence of Japanese art and design among a number of Western European artists in the nineteenth century following the forced reopening of foreign trade with Japan in 1858.
Japanese art has long been a source of fascination and inspiration for Western artists. From the 17th century onwards, Dutch imports of East Asian objets d'art created a frenzy among wealthy Europeans for exotic silks, ceramics, and other treasures.
Characteristics of Japonism The prints featured asymmetrical compositions with strong diagonal lines, giving them a sense of dynamism. Shapes were elongated and cropped at unusual angles. Perspective was flattened, unlike that found in Western art.
During the middle ages, western art reflected a lot of religious sentiments and symbols. Western art is great for becoming more knowledgeable about world history, important figures, technological advancements, and more.
Japonisme transformed Impressionist art by demonstrating that simple, transitory, everyday subjects could be presented in appealingly decorative ways.
Stemming mostly from the Roman Empire and the iconographic representations of Christendom, works of art in this period were utilized devotionally and produced in a variety of media from stained glass and sculpture to metalwork and mosaics.
In the late 15th century, European artistic styles began to spread to the New World, creating American and Canadian traditions that were intertwined with those of Europe.
Art influences society by changing opinions, instilling values and translating experiences across space and time. Research has shown art affects the fundamental sense of self. Painting, sculpture, music, literature and the other arts are often considered to be the repository of a society's collective memory.
Japonism also had a noted influence upon the development of new museums and collections. It featured prominently in the expansion of the British Museum of Ornamental Art (now known as the Victoria and Albert Museum), which began adding Japanese work to its collection as early as 1852.
The term is generally said to have been coined by the French critic Philippe Burty in the early 1870s. It described the craze for Japanese art and design that swept France and elsewhere after trade with Japan resumed in the 1850s, the country having been closed to the West since about 1600.
Subject Matter. Impressionist artists such as Edgar Degas, Claude Monet and James Tissot all accumulated large collections of Japanese art.
Combining the two most powerful European navies would allow them to control trade and dictate terms to the Catholic monarchies of France and Spain; the Western Design would start this process by ousting Spain from the Americas.
The Western Design is the term commonly used for an English expedition against the Spanish West Indies during the 1654 to 1660 Anglo-Spanish War . Part of an ambitious plan by Oliver Cromwell to end Spanish dominance in the Americas, the force was short of supplies and many of the men poorly trained.
Rio Nuevo. The Western Design is the term commonly used for an English expedition against the Spanish West Indies during the 1654 to 1660 Anglo-Spanish War . Part of an ambitious plan by Oliver Cromwell to end Spanish dominance in the Americas, the force was short of supplies and many of the men poorly trained.
T he military objectives of the expedition had not been specified by Cromwell but left to the initiative of the commanders when they arrived in the Caribbean. They jointly agreed to attack Hispaniola (now Haiti and the Dominican Republic), and on 13 April 1655, the English fleet arrived off Santo Domingo, the main Spanish stronghold on the island.
H oping to salvage the situation after the failure of their attack on Hispaniola, Penn and Venables agreed to attempt to capture the neighbouring island of Jamaica, which was a relatively insignificant Spanish provisioning base. It was weakly defended by the Spaniards, so presented an easy target.
Sir William Laird Clowes, The Royal Navy: a history from the earliest times to the present vol.ii (London 1898)
Westerns have slid in and out of fashion over the decades. But they've always shifted and changed to reflect the ideals and concerns of the eras in which they were made...
The original iconic cowboy, Tom Mix, set the tropes and tone for on-screen Westerns early, wearing his enormous white hat as he took the fight to black-hatted baddies in silent film stories of good versus evil on the frontier. In the pre-WWII era, morality was a simplistic equation – if you had a moustache, you were getting shot, ...
We are usually caught up, as Jews, in polemics with Christian missionaries, on proving that Jesus is not the Messiah .
We are usually caught up, as Jews, in polemics with Christian missionaries, on proving that Jesus is not the Messiah .