course hero briefly explain why the arch in a human foot is an adaptation for bipedal locomotion.

What are the arches in the foot for?

Overall, bipedal locomotion has been more advantageous than disadvantageous over the years, and this is why natural selection has favored it for humans time and time again. As the environment around us has evolved, bipedalism has allowed us to evolve with it by giving us the upper hand in a number of different situations and natural selection ...

What supports the lateral arch of the foot?

Sixth, the longitudinal arch acts a “shock absorber” which allows the foot to support the body as weight fluctuates during running and walking. As the textbook states, Charles Darwin offered the first serious hypothesis: the hunting hypothesis. It was a simple way to explain human origins.

What bones are involved in the formation of the arch?

Sep 01, 2021 · Why is evidence of bipedal locomotion so important to the study of fossil hominins? What is the basic mechanics of bipedal locomotion? a. The pelvis, femur and foot bone showed evidence of bipedalism. Also a short ossa coxae and more broad oriented. It allows us to study the first hominins that went from quadraped to bipedal.

What are the two pillars of the arches?

Mar 09, 2015 · Use the fossil record to test that the transition form the small scale of kinship dep breeding to the human scale of kin indep social breeding- the massive scale- the human village- is dependent on the evolution of elite throwing If bipedalism produces human village it should be near 2 mill yr mark but based on fossil record it is way back Unlike ...

What are the ligaments in the metatarsal arch?

The most important ligaments of this arch are the ligaments between the cuneiforms and bases of the five metatarsal bones. Clinically, those extending from the first cuneiform bone to the base of the second metatarsal bone named Lisfranc ligaments (dorsal, interosseous, and plantar ) are of particular importance.

What are the bones that make up the arch of the foot?

Key facts about the arches of the foot. Medial longitudinal arch. Bones: metatarsals 1-3, sesamoid bones, cuneiform bones, navicular, talus and calcaneus bones. Ligaments: plantar aponeurosis, spring ligament, talocalcaneal ligament, deltoid ligament.

What are the three bones that make up the medial metatarsals?

the medial three metatarsals up to their heads. the sesamoid bones. the three cuneiforms. the navicular. talus. calcaneus. The arch consists of two pillars. The anterior pillar consists of the medial three metatarsal heads whilst the tuberosity of the calcaneus forms the posterior pillar.

What is the forefoot pronation?

During the stance phase, the forefoot pronates which flattens the medial longitudinal arch and the transverse arch. During the swing phase, the hind foot supinates which causes the medial longitudinal arch to elevate. This high arch acts as a rigid lever for propulsion.

Which ligaments are responsible for stabilizing the arch?

Ligaments also have an important role in the stabilisation of this arch and include the plantar aponeurosis and the long and short plantar ligaments, which act as bowstrings beneath the arch. Other muscles and tendons, apart from the fibularis longus tendon, which contribute to the maintenance of this arch, include:

What causes tarsal joint pain?

Causes of this condition include arthritis of the tarsometatarsal, talocalcaneal and subtalar joints as well as damage to the tibialis posterior tendon or to the spring ligament . It can also be caused by tarsal coalition, which is when an abnormal connection forms between two of the tarsal bones.

Which pillars support the cuboid?

the cuboid. the fourth and fifth metatarsals. Like its medial counterpart, the lateral arch consists of two pillars, which help support the arch. The anterior pillar consists of the fourth and fifth metatarsal heads whilst the calcaneus forms the posterior pillar.