The Founding Fathers
The Founding Fathers of the United States, or simply the Founding Fathers, were a group of American leaders who united the Thirteen Colonies, led the war for independence from Great Britain, and built a Frame of Government for the new United States of America upon republican pr…
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Jun 25, 2021 · The Founding Fathers were a group of men who believed that America needed independence from the control of Great Britain.
Jan 09, 2020 · The Classical Education of the Founding Fathers. Posted on January 9, 2020. February 17, 2020. by Martin Cothran. The Founding Fathers were of varying backgrounds and disparate political beliefs, but they shared two characteristics that distinguished them from other men of their time—and from most men of any time: wisdom and virtue.
Dec 08, 2020 · Slavery existed, and was protected by law, in all 13 American colonies when they declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776. "Declaration of Independence" painted by John Trumbull in 1819. The institution of slavery proved to be a difficult issue for the Founding Fathers to navigate. They all had been born into a slaveholding ...
Jul 03, 2015 · The Founders believed that the purpose of government was to protect life, liberty, and property from what they called the depravity of human nature — from man’s innate capacity to do the kinds ...
Of the eight Founding Fathers considered to be the most significant, four of them were U.S. presidents: George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jeffe...
The ''Founding Fathers'' are called that because their lives and actions laid the framework or foundation on which America was built. The Founding...
There are many Founding Fathers, but two stand out as the most famous: George Washington and Thomas Jefferson. George Washington was the commander...
The Founding Fathers were a group of men who believed that America needed independence from the control of Great Britain. Beliefs about what this l...
The ''Founding Fathers'' are called that because their lives and actions laid the framework or foundation on which America was built. The Founding Fathers were men who signed the Declaration of Independence, helped draft the Constitution, and/or served as government and political leaders in America.
The concept of a ''Founding Father'' is not just American, though: a Founding Father is a patriarch or male figure who was influential in the creation or founding of a place, idea, or thing. The phrase is most commonly used, however, to talk about the men who were key figures in establishing the United States. Warren G. Harding, the 29th President of the United States, is often credited with coining or at least popularizing the phrase to refer to significant thinkers and politicians in the history of America.
While soldiers and tradesmen were essential for helping create America, the Founding Fathers are those who were directly involved in creating the documents, participating in the meetings, and making the important decisions that helped create the American nation that was free from British control. These men were involved in:
Example: If you choose Patrick Henry, you could draw him shouting, "Give me liberty or give me death!" Think about what kind legacy of the Founding Father you would like your poster to represent.
John Dickinson served on the Continental Congress and, due to illness, could not sign the Constitution and had another sign in his place; he was responsible for helping create the House of Representatives and Senate for more representation for colonists.
George Mason was on the Continental Congress, but he is best remembered for his anti-slavery stance and initially refusing to sign the Constitution because it did not include individual rights, which led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights.
It is readily apparent that the Founding Fathers did not represent all facets of society but rather a certain sliver of middle-class, white, Protestant, well-educated American citizens and their families. Recent trends in the contemporary study of the Founding Fathers pay particular attention to racial, class, and religious issues and the struggles that are present today. Most historians today balance recognizing that the Founding Fathers created the framework for some of the greatest aspects of America today as well as some of the issues that were and still are in existence.
And he was far from alone in his youth. While some of the other signatories were in their 50s or 60s, many others hadn't yet reached their 40s. This created a whopping 44 year age difference between the oldest signatory — Benjamin Franklin at 70 — and the youngest two, Edward Rutledge and Thomas Lynch Jr., both 26.
Richard Henry Lee (44). Lee was known for his oratory skills, and in 1783 he served as the president of Congress. Lyman Hall (52). Hall was a physician who later became a judge and Governor of Georgia.
Only 33 years old at the time, Jefferson was actually following a high society hairstyle trend that included dousing a wig (or one's natural hair) with white powder in order to cover the smell, as well as create a mature, refined look.
Perhaps the most recognized physician in the 18th century, Rush was also the first person to write an American chemistry book. Thomas Jefferson (33). The writer and architect of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson went on to become third president of the United States. Arthur Middleton (34).
John Adams (40). Adams helped prepare the Declaration of Independence, was America's first vice president and went on to become the second U.S. president. Richard Henry Lee (44). Lee was known for his oratory skills, and in 1783 he served as the president of Congress. Lyman Hall (52).
The first to sign the document, his large, flamboyant writing led to his name becoming synonymous with a request for one's signature. Patrick Henry (40). An attorney best known for the declaration " Give me liberty, or give me death! ," he later became a driving force behind the creation of the Bill of Rights.
Hall was a physician who later became a judge and Governor of Georgia. Samuel Adams (53). Today his name may be associated with a famous brand of beer, but Adams' real success was with tea — he was a pivotal leader and planner of the Boston Tea Party. Benjamin Franklin (70).
Included in this pantheon of heroes are George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and John Adams, among others. These men were crucial in defining the rights that the original thirteen colonies deserved and needed for independence, as well as creating a new country. In 1776, 1787, and 1789, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights were drafted by our Founding Fathers to both define the meaning of freedom and create a new government that has lasted for 228 years.
Politicians and citizens also use the Founding Fathers when talking about the separation between church and state. Some people actually think that these men would want more religion in today's government and schools. That is absolutely absurd. The American Revolution and other revolutions of the time were brought about by Enlightenment thinking.
Enlightenment questioned the divine right that kings had to rule and accepted scientific explanations to things that were often credited to God. This does not say that these men weren't religious. Jefferson himself was considered a deist. He believed that a higher power existed, but he/she never interfered.
These men were crucial in defining the rights that the original thirteen colonies deserved and needed for independence, as well as creating a new country. In 1776, 1787, and 1789, the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights were drafted by our Founding Fathers to both define the meaning of freedom ...
It is meant to be their mantra, "My client is innocent until proven guilty."
It is meant to be their mantra, "My client is innocent until proven guilty." But if you're thinking about becoming a defense attorney, it's not this pretty simple. Defense lawyers argue that their clients are innocent because they don't want their actions to seem suspect in any way. They essentially say for the sake of the argument itself. If you're trying to decide whether or not becoming a defense attorney is something you would like to do, here are five reasons why it's worth considering:
The history of photography is the recount of inventions, scientific discoveries and technical improvements that allowed human beings to capture an image on a photosensitive surface for the first time, using light and certain chemical elements that react with it.
In 1814, Thomas Jefferson wrote about Washington: “His temper was naturally high toned; but reflection and resolution had obtained a firm and habitual ascendancy over it. If ever, however, it broke its bonds, he was most tremendous in his wrath.”.
Benjamin Franklin was an exhibitionist. Benjamin Franklin. Photo: Getty Images. Throughout his life, Franklin acquired many admirers (particularly in France, where he used his talents to win support for the American Revolution).
However, along with political, creative and scientific genius came eccentricities, one of which were Franklin’s “air baths.”. Franklin described the ritual to a friend: “I have found it much more agreeable to my constitution to bathe in another element, I mean cold air.
John Jay helped America gain independence and later worked toward the passage of the country’s new Constitution. But after being appointed as the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Jay soon came to hate his new job.
Few people ever met the exacting standards of this persnickety revolutionary. Even the revered Washington fell short: Adams once sniped in his diary that Washington “is too illiterate, unread, unlearned for his status and reputation.”.
George Washington. Photo: VCG Wilson/Corbis via Getty Images. As the leader of the Revolutionary Army and later, head of state of a burgeoning nation, George Washington is known for his serious side. But in fact, he was like the Hulk of the Founding Fathers. In 1814, Thomas Jefferson wrote about Washington: “His temper was naturally high toned;
Hamilton felt no qualms about this, declaring: “As the President nominates his ministers and may displace them when he pleases, it must be his own fault if he be not surrounded by men who for ability and integrity deserve his confidence.”
The Founding Fathers were of varying backgrounds and disparate political beliefs, but they shared two characteristics that distinguished them from other men of their time—and from most men of any time: wisdom and virtue. And it is for this reason, beyond just wanting to become familiar with who they were and what they did, ...
Several of the founders, including John Adams and John Hancock, attended Harvard. The sole academic requirements for admission to Harvard University in the 1640s were as follows: “When any scholar is able to read Tully [Cicero] or such like classical Latin author ex tempore and make and speak true Latin in verse and prose suo (ut aiunt) ...
Students who went to school were required to learn Latin and Greek grammar and to read the Roman historians Tacitus and Livy, the Greek historians Herodotus and Thucydides, and to translate the Latin poetry of Vergil and Horace. A formal education also stressed the seven liberal arts: grammar, logic, and rhetoric (the trivium), ...
Colonial Education. When Alexander Hamilton entered King’s College (now Columbia University) in 1773, he was expected to have a mastery of Greek and Latin grammar, be able to read three orations from Cicero and Vergil’s Aeneid in the original Latin, and be able to translate the first ten chapters of the Gospel of John from Greek into Latin. ...
When James Madison applied at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton), he had already read Vergil, Horace, Justinian, Caesar, Tacitus, Lucretius, Phaedrus, Herodotus, Thucydides, and Plato. Other key figures in the American founding received similar educations.
Thomas Jefferson received early training in Latin, Greek, and French, and then continued his formal education at a classical academy in preparation for attending the College of William and Mary, where his classical education continued, along with his study of law. When James Madison applied at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton), ...
They knew, well before the philosopher George Santayana was born to say it, that “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”.
Portrait of Thomas Jefferson by Rembrandt Peale in 1800.
The indispensable man of the Revolution, George Washington owned hundreds of slaves, but during the Revolutionary War, he began to change his views. He wrote that he wished “more and more to get clear” of owning slaves.
They all had been born into a slaveholding society where the morality of owning slaves was rarely questioned. While some colonies were for slavery, and others against slavery, the fact was that the institution had deep roots in the colonies. A majority of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and nearly half of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention owned slaves. Four of the first five presidents of the United States were slaveowners. As the ideals of the enlightenment began to spread through the American colonies in the 1760s and 1770s, the articulation of the ideals of liberty and freedom began to take shape. As the Revolution progressed, the issue of slavery soon became a controversial topic that eventually resulted in vast regional and political divides.
Four of the first five presidents of the United States were slaveowners. As the ideals of the enlightenment began to spread through the American colonies in the 1760s and 1770s, the articulation of the ideals of liberty and freedom began to take shape. As the Revolution progressed, the issue of slavery soon became a controversial topic ...
American patriots were fearful that they would become enslaved to the British. George Washington wrote to a friend his fear in 1774: “we must assert our rights, or submit to every imposition that can be heaped upon us; till custom and use, will make us as tame, and abject slaves, as the blacks we rule over with such arbitrary sway.”
The institution of slavery had been a part of American society for more than 150 years when the Revolutionary War began in 1775 . Slavery existed, and was protected by law, in all 13 American colonies when they declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776. "Declaration of Independence" painted by John Trumbull in 1819.
The British saw an opportunity to use the slaves against their masters very early in the war. Royal Governor Lord Dunmore in Virginia did this in November of 1775, when he issued a proclamation giving freedom to all slaves who abandoned their patriot masters and joined the British side.
The Founders believed that the purpose of government was to protect life, liberty, and property from what they called the depravity of human nature — from man’s innate capacity to do the kinds of violence that slave-owners, to take just one example, did every day. But government, they recognized, is a double-edged sword. You arm officials with the power to protect you; but those officials have the same fallen human nature as everyone else, so who is to say that they won’t use that power to oppress you, as European governments had oppressed the colonists’ forebears? From Pharaoh to Nero to the Stuart kings, history teems with examples of such despotic governments. Even the democratic republic the Founders created had to be run by imperfect men, and thus even it could turn into what Richard Henry Lee called an elective despotism. So the second great Founding idea is this: The mere fact that you elect representatives to govern you is no sure-fire guarantee of liberty. Or, as Madison saw it in Federalist No. 10: Taxation with representation can be tyranny.
Madison, the Constitution’s chief designer, constructed his exquisitely balanced mechanism to work by the power of ambition countering ambition, and interest countering interest. A realist about human nature, like most of the Founders, he devised a government for ordinary men as they really were, not for prodigies of virtue. Even so, he conceded, there had to be at least a smidgen of virtue somewhere. If “there is not sufficient virtue among men for self-government,” he wrote, then only “the chains of despotism can restrain them from destroying and devouring each other.”
So the second great Founding idea is this: The mere fact that you elect representatives to govern you is no sure-fire guarantee of liberty.
Lee), made his maiden speech in the Virginia House of Burgesses. His message to his fellow slave-owners: End slavery.
Long before Emma Lazarus wrote about the huddled masses yearning to breathe free, George Washington noted that for “the poor, the needy, & the oppressed of the Earth,” America was already what he called “the second Land of promise.”.
SLIDESHOW: The Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Advertisement. William Livingston , a signer of the Constitution and longtime governor of New Jersey, had earlier, in the 1750s, run a journal that was key in turning the American mind toward revolution.
Virginia, where Anglicanism was still the official, established religion until the Revolution, had jailed a group of Baptist preachers for their unorthodox religious writings. If you aren’t free to think your own thoughts and believe your own beliefs, fumed Madison, you aren’t free, period, since freedom is seamless.
Be a team. The Founding Fathers led America to an almost-impossible victory because they were an amazing team. Washington possessed such rare leadership qualities that he could keep enough of the army together to survive the winter at Valley Forge and constant retreats before a stronger foe. Thomas Jefferson had the intellect and writing skills that would create the Declaration of Independence. John Adams had the political skills necessary to shepherd the Declaration through the Continental Congress, secure financing for the war from the Dutch, and then negotiate a peace treaty with the British. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay would play midwives to the Constitution — still the most amazing writing on the structure of government in the history of mankind. Hamilton would later largely create the U.S. economy that — for all its current woes — is wondrous in its longevity, stability, and comfort for most Americans.
Be inventive. Okay, you're unlikely to be as creative as Ben Franklin, who invented the lightning rod, bifocals, the Franklin stove, and a carriage odometer. He formed both the first public lending library in America and the first fire department in Pennsylvania. But don't be afraid to do new things – and if you're not naturally inventive, hire people who are.
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America’s Founding Fathers Meant What They Said: “All Men Are Created Equal”. Recent months have seen a lot of discussion over the relationship between America’s founding and the awful institution of slavery. According to some writers, the Founding Fathers took a pro-slavery position and drafted the Constitution with the intention ...
The Declaration of Independence meant just what it said—and that’s why slavery’s defenders in the years before the Civil War, were so eager to repudiate it outright or to twist or ignore its words. Excerpt:
The reality is that the authors of the Declaration and the Constitution were quite clear in their understanding that slavery was “a bad thing”—so much so that it would be tedious to quote examples to prove their virtual unanimity on that point. They also understood that it was irreconcilable with the Declaration’s self-evident truth of equality…. Of course, recognizing slavery’s evil was the easy part. Vastly more complex was the question of how to end it. Wealthy and powerful slaveholders were not simply going to surrender their human property—and delegates to the Constitutional Convention were quite aware that overt efforts to restrict it would drive Georgia, South Carolina, and possibly other states out of the union. Worse, many leaders, including Jefferson, feared that immediate emancipation would provoke a race war, and possibly war between the states. The whole problem was unprecedented: No society had ever abolished slavery before.