Human population, now nearing 8 billion, cannot continue to grow indefinitely. There are limits to the life-sustaining resources earth can provide us. In other words, there is a carrying capacity for human life on our planet. Carrying capacity is the maximum number of a species an environment can support indefinitely.
Populations cannot grow exponentially indefinitely. Exploding populations always reach a size limit imposed by the shortage of one or more factors such as water, space, and nutrients or by adverse conditions such as disease, drought and temperature extremes.
Carrying Capacity If a population is small and resources are plentiful, a population may grow quickly. But over time, because of limiting factors, population growth tends to slow and then stop. The population has reached the “carrying capacity” of the ecosystem.
In exponential growth, a population's per capita (per individual) growth rate stays the same regardless of population size, making the population grow faster and faster as it gets larger. In nature, populations may grow exponentially for some period, but they will ultimately be limited by resource availability.
Human population has grown exponentially over the past century. It has done so largely by producing large amounts of food, and learning how to control disease.
With population expanding at such a rapid pace, the world will eventually become overcrowded. Population density will increase and global warming, rising tides and increased severity of weather will cause the amount of viable land to decrease.
When resources are unlimited, populations exhibit exponential growth, resulting in a J-shaped curve. When resources are limited, populations exhibit logistic growth.
Population stabilizes at carrying capacity because at the point where total births equal total deaths, the population size will remain constant. There are no further changes to the birth and death rates because N doesn't change.
If a population exceeds carrying capacity, the ecosystem may become unsuitable for the species to survive. If the population exceeds the carrying capacity for a long period of time, resources may be completely depleted. Populations may die off if all of the resources are exhausted.
In reality, there is simply not enough space or resources for natural populations to continue to grow unchecked. Limiting factors within every ecosystem, such as the availability of food or the effects of predation and disease, prevent a population from becoming too large.
The human population cannot keep growing exponentially forever, because Earth and its resources are limited.
Competition for resources like food and space cause the growth rate to stop increasing, so the population levels off. This flat upper line on a growth curve is the carrying capacity. The carrying capacity (K) is the maximum population size that can be supported in a particular area without destroying the habitat.
Populations cannot grow indefinitely because of resources, which are finite. The smaller population is, individuals have more available resources and therefore, they can reproduce more without much competition. When the population reaches certain number of individuals it becomes crowded and resources become sparse.
In reality, there is simply not enough space or resources for natural populations to continue to grow unchecked. Limiting factors within every ecosystem, such as the availability of food or the effects of predation and disease, prevent a population from becoming too large.
Repopulating the world after the apocalypse However, to retain evolutionary potential – to remain genetically flexible and diverse – the IUCN criteria suggest we would need at least 500 effective individuals. That requires a population of 2,500 to 5,000.
Population Growth Rate The two main factors affecting population growth are the birth rate (b) and death rate (d). Population growth may also be affected by people coming into the population from somewhere else (immigration, i) or leaving the population for another area (emigration, e).