What term is used to refer to crimes committed by individuals in the course of their daily business activities? professional crime.
The term “white-collar crime” was coined in 1939 by the sociologist Edwin Sutherland, who defined it as a “crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation”.
French sociologist Émile Durkheim viewed deviance as an inevitable part of how society functions. He argued that deviance is a basis for change and innovation, and it is also a way of defining or clarifying important social norms. Reasons for deviance vary, and different explanations have been proposed.
In sociology, the master status is the social position that is the primary identifying characteristic of an individual. The term master status is defined as "a status that has exceptional importance for social identity, often shaping a person's entire life." Master status can be ascribed or achieved.
Reportedly coined in 1939, the term white-collar crime is now synonymous with the full range of frauds committed by business and government professionals. These crimes are characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust and are not dependent on the application or threat of physical force or violence.
Blue-collar crime is usually a direct act driven by the reaction, e.g. fighting after a poorly executed drug deal, robberies, or shoplifting. The term blue-collar crime originated in the early 1900s as a term to describe American manual laborers.
Deviance refers to rule-breaking behaviour of some kind which fails to conform to the norms and expectations of a particular society or social group. Deviance is closely related to the concept of crime, which is law breaking behaviour. Criminal behaviour is usually deviant, but not all deviant behaviour is criminal.
Conformity and deviance are two responses to real or imagined pressures from others. Conformity means going along one's peers—individuals of a person's own status. ... Deviance is a behaviour that violates the standards of conduct or expectations or social norms of a group or society.
Formal deviance includes criminal violation of formally-enacted laws. Examples of formal deviance include robbery, theft, rape, murder, and assault. Informal deviance refers to violations of informal social norms, which are norms that have not been codified into law.
Put simply, a master status is the defining social position a person holds, meaning the title the person most relates to when trying to express themselves to others. In sociology, it is a concept that lies at the core of a person's social identity and influences that person's roles and behaviors in a societal context.
The master status is the role to which one most relates the view of oneself (Becker 1963). The rule breaker that identifies with the deviant label as their master status becomes an outsider and is denied the means of carrying on with their everyday lives (Becker 1963).
A minority group, which is defined by the dominant group, is also an ascribed master status. It is a category of people whose physical appearance or cultural characteristics are defined as being different from the traits of the dominant group and that result in their being set apart for different and unequal treatment.