Among these, the conversion from forest to agricultural land triggers one of the most severe changes: the loss of soil organic carbon. Other impacts include the use of pesticides, which decreases soil biodiversity, intensive irrigation leading to soil salinisation, and the accumulation of heavy metals in polluted soil.
Nonetheless, some human activities have clear direct impacts. These include land use change, land management, land degradation, soil sealing, and mining. The intensity of land use also has a great impact on soils.
Erosion occurs for several reasons, but a main reason is human activity. When humans disturb the earth with construction, gardening, logging and mining activities the result is a weakening of the topsoil of the earth, which leads to excessive wearing away and erosion.
Aside from desertification, there is no doubt that human activities are a major cause of soil erosion in general. Construction of roads and buildings, logging, mining, and agricultural production have resulted in large amounts of soil erosion in the U.S. and around the world.
Humans impact the physical environment in many ways: overpopulation, pollution, burning fossil fuels, and deforestation. Changes like these have triggered climate change, soil erosion, poor air quality, and undrinkable water.
Urban development activities can cause rapid soil degradation and sedimentation. Soil erosion and sedimentation from construction sites can be significant in quantity and in the impact on off-site resources such as streams.
Humans have increased the rate of soil erosion by removing vegetation through activities such as farming, logging, and construction.
Many human activities increase the rate at which natural processes, such as weathering and erosion, shape the landscape. The cutting of forests exposes more soil to wind and water erosion. Pollution such as acid rain often speeds up the weathering, or breakdown, of the Earths rocky surface.
Agriculture is probably the most significant activity that accelerates soil erosion because of the amount of land that is farmed and how much farming practices disturb the ground (Figure 1).
Weathering and People Weathering is a natural process, but human activities can speed it up. For example, certain kinds of air pollution increase the rate of weathering. Burning coal, natural gas, and petroleum releases chemicals such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.