which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted course hero

How is the ureter cut out and repaired?

The narrowed portion of the ureter is cut out. If a large section is removed, tissue is used to repair the ureter. This tissue is taken from another part of the body, such as the bladder. The cut ends of the ureter are then stitched together. These stitches will dissolve over time.

What happens if the second ureter is not fully developed?

The second ureter can be normal or only partially developed. If either ureter doesn't function properly, urine can back up into the kidney and cause damage. An abnormality where the ureter connects to the bladder or the kidney, which blocks urine flow.

What causes two ureters to form on the same kidney?

This common condition, which is present at birth (congential), causes two ureters to form on the same kidney. The second ureter can be normal or only partially developed. If either ureter doesn't function properly, urine can back up into the kidney and cause damage.

What happens to the ureter after surgery?

During the surgery: The cut ends of the ureter are then stitched together. These stitches will dissolve over time. A long, flexible tube called a stent is put into the ureter. It reaches from the kidney into the bladder. It is kept in place for 4 to 6 weeks after surgery to help hold the ureter open while it heals.

What is the process of reabsorption of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the

Tubular reabsorption is the movement of fluids and solute from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma. Ultrafiltration is the process of filtration across the glomerular capillaries to form a filtrate of protein-free plasma.

Which organ secretes renin and erythropoietin?

A, B, C. The kidney also has an endocrine function, secreting the hormones renin, erythropoietin, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 for the regulation of blood pressure, erythrocyte. production, and calcium metabolism, respectively.

What are the three types of nephrons?

Superficial. Nephrons are the functional units of the kidney. The three types include superficial, midcortical, and juxtamedullary. The superficial cortical nephrons constitute approximately 85% of all nephrons. The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: a.

When is renin released?

Primarily, renin is released when a person experiences hypotension, which starts a cascade of events that leads to the release of the angiotensins. The movement of fluids and solute from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma is called: Ultrafiltration. Tubular reabsorption .

Which hormone controls the final urine concentration?

Urea. Antidiuretic hormone controls final urine concentration. It is secreted from the posterior pituitary and increases water permeability in the last segment of the distal tubule. Renin stimulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which can increase systemic arterial pressure and change renal blood flow.

What is the surface of the nephron covered with microvilli?

The only surface inside the nephron where the cells are covered with microvilli (a brush border) is called the proximal convoluted tubules. This proximal convoluted tubular lumen consists of one layer of cuboidal cells with a surface layer of microvilli that increases the reabsorptive surface area.

What is the trigone in the bladder?

The trigone is a smooth triangular area in the bladder that lies between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra. The detrusor muscle distends as the bladder fills with urine and is made up of smooth muscle fibers that weave around the bladder bag. Micturition is another term for urination.

What happens when you cut out the ureter?

This tissue is taken from another part of the body, such as the bladder. The cut ends of the ureter are then stitched together. These stitches will dissolve over time.

How long does it take for a stent to be put in the ureter?

A long, flexible tube called a stent is put into the ureter. It reaches from the kidney into the bladder. It is kept in place for 4 to 6 weeks after surgery to help hold the ureter open while it heals. When the surgery is done, all tools are removed.

Why does my ureter have scar tissue?

Scar tissue may form in a ureter after an accident or surgery. Or it may form because of a health problem such as endometriosis or cancer. Scar tissue creates a narrowing (stricture) in the ureter. Urine then can’t flow down the ureter properly and backs up into the kidney. This may cause pain.

How does a laparoscopy work?

For laparoscopy, the doctor makes several small incisions in the abdomen. The scope is put through one of the small incisions. The scope sends pictures from inside the abdomen to a video screen. Surgical tools are placed through the other incisions. The surgeon may use a technique called robotic laparoscopy.

How long does it take to remove a staple after ureterectomy?

Follow-up care. You will have follow-up visits with your doctor. If sutures or staples need to be removed, this is done 1 to 2 weeks after surgery. The stent in the ureter will be removed in 4 to 6 weeks. About 3 months after surgery, you may have an imaging test.

How does a robotic surgeon work?

The robotic system gives a 3-D view inside the body. It also assists the surgeon’s hand movements. For open surgery, one larger incision is made in the side over the ribs, or in the abdomen. The doctor sees and works through this incision.

How does a tube help you breathe after surgery?

This medicine puts you into a state like deep sleep through the surgery. A tube may be inserted into your throat to help you breathe. You may have an epidural to help control post-surgery pain. A small tube is inserted into your back to deliver pain medicine that numbs the lower body.

What is a duplicated ureter?

A duplicated ureter occurs when two ureters form on the same kidney. A ureterocele is a small bulge in the ureter, usually in the end closest to the bladder. Both conditions may lead to ureteral obstruction. Different types of ureteral obstruction have different causes, some of them present at birth (congenital).

Why does the ureter block?

Various causes inside (intrinsic) or outside (extrinsic) the ureter can lead to ureteral obstruction, including: Long-term swelling of the ureter wall, usually due to diseases such as tuberculosis or a parasite infection called schistosomiasis.

What happens if your ureter is too narrow?

If the ureter is too narrow and doesn't allow urine to flow normally, a tiny bulge in the ureter (ureterocele) may develop, usually in the section of the ureter closest to the bladder. This can block urine flow and cause urine to back up into the kidney, possibly leading to kidney damage.

How do you know if you have ureteral obstruction?

Symptoms. Ureteral obstruction might have no signs or symptoms. Signs and symptoms depend on where the obstruction occurs, whether it's partial or complete, how quickly it develops, and whether it affects one or both kidneys. Signs and symptoms might include: Pain. Changes in the amount of urine produced. Difficulty urinating. Blood in the urine.

Why does my kidney stop working?

An abnormal connection between the ureter and kidney (ureteropelvic junction) may cause the kidney to swell and eventually stop working. This abnormality can be congenital or it can develop with normal childhood growth, result from an injury or scarring, or in rare cases, develop from a tumor.

Where is the kidney located?

Your kidneys, located in the rear portion of your upper abdomen , produce urine by filtering waste and fluid from your blood. A ureteral obstruction is a blockage in one or both of the tubes (ureters) that carry urine from your kidneys to your bladder. Ureteral obstruction can be curable.

What is the system that removes waste from the body?

Overview. Your urinary system — which includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra — removes waste from your body through urine. Your kidneys, located in the rear portion of your upper abdomen, produce urine by filtering waste and fluid from your blood.