which probably formed last in the course of the evolution of the universe

How long did it take to evolve the universe?

Which probably formed last in the course of the evolution of the universe? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a a typical proton inside a water molecule on Earth b a helium atom in the surface of the Sun с a typical star that is a member of a globular cluster star in our Milky ...

How long will the universe last?

 · The Evolution of the Universe. Some 15 billion years ago the universe emerged from a hot, dense sea of matter and energy. As the cosmos expanded and cooled, it spawned galaxies, stars, planets and ...

How did the universe's structure change as it expanded?

For the purposes of this summary, it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe since it originated, into five parts.It is generally considered meaningless or unclear whether time existed before this chronology: . The very early universe. The first picosecond (10 −12) of cosmic time.It includes the Planck epoch, during which currently established laws of physics may not apply ...

How was the universe formed after the Big Bang?

Hydrogen and helium nuclei were formed in the universe through a process called nucleosynthesis. Deuterium (a hydrogen isotope) nuclei were formed when protons and neutrons combined. Neutrons combined with deuterium nuclei to form tritium. A proton would then fuse with tritium to form helium nuclei.

What are the stages of the universe?

The book divides the timeline of the universe into five eras: the Primordial Era, the Stelliferous Era, the Degenerate Era, the Black Hole Era and the Dark Era. In addition to explaining current cosmological theory, the authors speculate on what kinds of life might exist in future eras of the universe.

What came first in the universe?

The Big Bang was the moment 13.8 billion years ago when the universe began as a tiny, dense, fireball that exploded. Most astronomers use the Big Bang theory to explain how the universe began.

How are galaxies formed step by step?

Galaxies are thought to begin as small clouds of stars and dust swirling through space. As other clouds get close, gravity sends these objects careening into one another and knits them into larger spinning packs.

What came first galaxies or stars?

The first stars did not appear until perhaps 100 million years after the big bang, and nearly a billion years passed before galaxies proliferated across the cosmos.

How did the universe formed?

Our universe began with an explosion of space itself - the Big Bang. Starting from extremely high density and temperature, space expanded, the universe cooled, and the simplest elements formed. Gravity gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies.

Who created the world?

According to Christian belief, God created the universe. There are two stories of how God created it which are found at the beginning of the book of Genesis in the Bible. Some Christians regard Genesis 1 and Genesis 2 as two totally separate stories that have a similar meaning.

How was the first galaxy formed?

One says that galaxies were born when vast clouds of gas and dust collapsed under their own gravitational pull, allowing stars to form. The other, which has gained strength in recent years, says the young universe contained many small "lumps" of matter, which clumped together to form galaxies.

How are galaxies formed quizlet?

Galaxies formed from huge clouds of gas that collapsed under their own gravity.

Which order is correct starting from biggest to smallest?

From largest to smallest they are: Universe, galaxy, solar system, star, planet, moon and asteroid.

What formed first planets or stars?

“Traditionally it was thought that a star does most of its formation before the planets form, but our observations showed that they form simultaneously.”

Which is the last lighter element to be formed during a star formation?

This is the process that occurs during most of any star's lifetime. After the hydrogen in the star's core is exhausted, the star can fuse helium to form progressively heavier elements, carbon and oxygen and so on, until iron and nickel are formed.

What came first black hole or galaxy?

It's not understood yet whether a black hole or a galaxy came first. In recent observations, a super-massive black hole was discovered in an early-stage small galaxy.

How long did it take for the universe to evolve?

The age of the universe is controlled by the basic rules that govern matter, energy, and time. We needed almost 13.8 billion years to evolve and come to recognize this fact. How long the universe lasts and how it evolves depends on its total energy and matter content.

How old is the universe?

WMAP found that the universe is 13.7 billion years old. The universe began with an unimaginably enormous density and temperature. This immense primordial energy was the cauldron from which all life arose. Elementary particles were created and destroyed by the ultimate particle accelerator in the first moments of the universe.

What is the effect of quantum fluctuations on the universe?

A tiny amount is all it takes for gravity to do its thing. Gravity is one of the basic forces of nature and controls the evolution of the large scale structure of the universe. Without gravity there would be no stars or planets, only a cold thin mist of particles. Without the variations in the particle soup initiated by the quantum fluctuations, gravity could not begin to concentrate tiny amounts of matter into even larger amounts of matter. The end result of the pull of gravity: galaxies, stars and planets. The fluctuations, mapped in detail by the WMAP mission, are the factories and cradles of life.

How could isotropy have arisen?

The only way the isotropy (uniformity) could have arisen is if the different regions were in thermal equilibrium with each other early in the history of the universe, and then rapidly inflated apart. WMAP has verified that other predictions from the inflation theory also appear to be true..

What was the motor for making stars?

The motor for making stars (and galaxies ) came early and was very subtle. Before the completion of the first fraction of a second of the universe, sub-atomic scale activity, tiny "quantum fluctuations", drove the universe towards stars and life.

What is quantum fluctuation?

Quantum Fluctuations are the random nature of matter's state of existence or nonexistence. At these incredibly small sub-atomic scales, the state of reality is fleeting, changing from nanosecond to nanosecond. The motor for making stars (and galaxies) came early and was very subtle.

When did the first stars appear?

WMAP determined that the first stars in the universe arose only about 400 million years after the Big Bang.

How long did the universe last?

From 370,000 years until about 1 billion years. After recombination and decoupling, the universe was transparent but the clouds of hydrogen only collapsed very slowly to form stars and galaxies, so there were no new sources of light. The only photons (electromagnetic radiation, or "light") in the universe were those released during decoupling (visible today as the cosmic microwave background) and 21 cm radio emissions occasionally emitted by hydrogen atoms. The decoupled photons would have filled the universe with a brilliant pale orange glow at first, gradually redshifting to non-visible wavelengths after about 3 million years, leaving it without visible light. This period is known as the cosmic Dark Ages .

How long ago was the universe?

The earliest stages of the universe's existence are estimated as taking place 13.8 billion years ago , with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level. Nature timeline. This box:

When did the first galaxies form?

The earliest known galaxies existed by about 380 Ma. Galaxies coalesce into "proto-clusters" from about 1 Ga (redshift z = 6 ) and into galaxy clusters beginning at 3 Ga ( z = 2.1 ), and into superclusters from about 5 Ga ( z = 1.2 ). See: list of galaxy groups and clusters, list of superclusters . Reionization.

How long does recombination last?

Recombination lasts for about 100 ka, during which universe is becoming more and more transparent to photons. The photons of the cosmic microwave background radiation originate at this time. The spherical volume of space which will become the observable universe is 42 million light-years in radius at this time.

What is the universe made of?

The universe consists of a plasma of nuclei, electrons, and photons; temperatures remain too high for the binding of electrons to nuclei. Electrons and atomic nuclei first become bound to form neutral atoms. Photons are no longer in thermal equilibrium with matter and the universe first becomes transparent.

What is the spherical volume of space that will become the observable universe?

At the end of this epoch, the spherical volume of space which will become the observable universe is about 300 light-years in radius, baryonic matter density is on the order of 4 grams per m 3 (about 0.3% of sea level air density) – however, most energy at this time is in electromagnetic radiation. Photon epoch.

What will happen to the universe in the Stelliferous Era?

At some time the Stelliferous Era will end as stars are no longer being born, and the expansion of the universe will mean that the observable universe becomes limited to local galaxies. There are various scenarios for the far future and ultimate fate of the universe.

What evidence supports the Big Bang Theory?

The big bang theory is supported by the observation that the spectrum of nearly all galaxies is red-shifted, implying that the universe is still expanding. It is also supported by the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is leftover radiation from ...

How are hydrogen and helium nuclei formed?

Hydrogen and helium nuclei were formed in the universe through a process called nucleosynthesis. Deuterium (a hydrogen isotope) nuclei were formed when protons and neutrons combined. Neutrons combined with deuterium nuclei to form tritium. A proton would then fuse with tritium to form helium nuclei.

What elements were found in the Big Bang?

Finally, the big bang theory is supported by the discovery that the composition of stars is 99% hydrogen and helium, the only two elements that could have existed shortly after the big bang.

What happens when a star runs out of hydrogen and helium?

helium. When a high-mass main sequence star runs out of both hydrogen and helium in its core, the core begins to fuse . When nuclear fusion ends in a high-mass star, the heavy elements formed in the star's core are released through a. carbon.

How has the solar system evolved?

The Solar System has evolved considerably since its initial formation . Many moons have formed from circling discs of gas and dust around their parent planets, while other moons are thought to have formed independently and later to have been captured by their planets. Still others, such as Earth's Moon, may be the result of giant collisions. Collisions between bodies have occurred continually up to the present day and have been central to the evolution of the Solar System. The positions of the planets might have shifted due to gravitational interactions. This planetary migration is now thought to have been responsible for much of the Solar System's early evolution.

How does the Sun evolve?

Understanding of how the Sun is expected to continue to evolve required an understanding of the source of its power. Arthur Stanley Eddington 's confirmation of Albert Einstein 's theory of relativity led to his realisation that the Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion reactions in its core, fusing hydrogen into helium. In 1935, Eddington went further and suggested that other elements also might form within stars. Fred Hoyle elaborated on this premise by arguing that evolved stars called red giants created many elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in their cores. When a red giant finally casts off its outer layers, these elements would then be recycled to form other star systems.

What is the outer edge of the asteroid belt?

The outer edge of the terrestrial region, between 2 and 4 AU from the Sun , is called the asteroid belt. The asteroid belt initially contained more than enough matter to form 2–3 Earth-like planets, and, indeed, a large number of planetesimals formed there. As with the terrestrials, planetesimals in this region later coalesced and formed 20–30 Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos; however, the proximity of Jupiter meant that after this planet formed, 3 million years after the Sun, the region's history changed dramatically. Orbital resonances with Jupiter and Saturn are particularly strong in the asteroid belt, and gravitational interactions with more massive embryos scattered many planetesimals into those resonances. Jupiter's gravity increased the velocity of objects within these resonances, causing them to shatter upon collision with other bodies, rather than accrete.

How many embryos were there in the solar system?

At the end of the planetary formation epoch the inner Solar System was populated by 50–100 Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Further growth was possible only because these bodies collided and merged, which took less than 100 million years. These objects would have gravitationally interacted with one another, tugging at each other's orbits until they collided, growing larger until the four terrestrial planets we know today took shape. One such giant collision is thought to have formed the Moon (see Moons below), while another removed the outer envelope of the young Mercury.

Where did the material from the early solar system migrate?

Motion in the planetesimal era was not all inward toward the Sun; the Stardust sample return from Comet Wild 2 has suggested that materials from the early formation of the Solar System migrated from the warmer inner Solar System to the region of the Kuiper belt.

What are the elements that make up the inner solar system?

The inner Solar System, the region of the Solar System inside 4 AU, was too warm for volatile molecules like water and methane to condense, so the planetesimals that formed there could only form from compounds with high melting points, such as metals (like iron, nickel, and aluminium) and rocky silicates.

How are planets formed?

The various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation . The currently accepted method by which the planets formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit around the central protostar.

What stage of the formation of a large cluster of stars is a nebula?

In stage 6 or 7 of the formation of a large cluster of stars, a nebula is formed around the cluster. This happens because: A. the stars are out of their cocoons of dust and their radiation ionizes the gas from the original cloud.

What stage of nuclear reactions begin in the core?

A. Nuclear reactions begin in the core by stage 4.

Where is the A on the main sequence?

A. on the main sequence at the extreme lower right.

Why is the Mesozoic era called the Age of Reptiles?

The Mesozoic era is often called the "Age of Reptiles" because dinosaurs were conspicuous, dominant, and diverse in their environment. For the same reason, scientists of the future might call the Cenozoic era the. Select one: a.

What is the most likely distribution of a group of species?

A group of species has a Gondwanan distribution. Therefore, it is most likely that they first diversified

How long did it take for a single cell organism to evolve?

From the beginnings of life on Earth, it took less than a billion years for single-celled organisms to evolve to multicellular organisms.

Which body is the most promising for life in the outer solar system?

Europa is one of the most promising of the bodies in the outer solar system for life in its salty seas.

Which experiment produced amino acids and proteins?

The Miller-Urey experiment did produce amino acids and proteins.

How Did The Universe Start and Evolve?

We Aren't Made of Hydrogen!

• WMAP determined that about 4.6% of the mass and energy of the universe is contained inatoms (protons and neutrons). All of life is made from a portion of this 4.6%. The only chemical elements created at the beginning of our universe were hydrogen,helium and lithium, the three lightest atoms in the periodic table. These elements wereformed throughou...

See more on wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov

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