Eyes The only organ systems provided as options that are primarily affected by lead include the nervous system, bones, kidneys, teeth, cardiovascular, and reproductive and immune systems. What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on newborns?
Lead affects many different biologic activities at the cellular and molecular levels, many of which may be related to its ability to interfere with the functions of calcium. Lead does not appear to cause damage by interfering with the action of the other options. Which statement is a description of the characteristics of apoptosis? a.
Subjective findings of cirrhosis include increased appetite and excessive energy. Which of the following occurs in the last stage of cirrhosis? Decreased albumin levels. Hypotension. Esophageal varices. Volume deficit. Esophageal varices. ... Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) is no longer used as a treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).
ATP Lead affects many different biologic activities at the cellular and molecular levels, many of which may be related to its ability to interfere with the functions of calcium. Lead does not appear to cause damage by interfering with the action of the other options.
Ans: ATP is insufficient to maintain the pump that keeps sodium out of the cell.#N#Explanation: In hypoxic injury, movement of fluid and ions into the cell is associated with acute failure of metabolism and a loss of ATP production. Normally, the presence of ATP and ATPase, the active-transport enzyme, maintains the pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell. In metabolic failure caused by hypoxia, reduced ATP and ATPase levels permit sodium to accumulate in the cell, whereas potassium diffuses outward. The other options do not accurately describe the cause of the swelling caused by hypoxia.
Ans: Sodium chloride enters the cell.#N#Explanation: In hypoxic injury, movement of fluid and ions into the cell is associated with acute failure of metabolism and a loss of ATP production. Normally, the pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell is maintained by the presence of ATP and ATPase, the active-transport enzyme. In metabolic failure caused by hypoxia, reduced ATP and ATPase levels permit sodium to accumulate in the cell, whereas potassium diffuses outward. The increase of intracellular sodium increases osmotic pressure, which draws more water into the cell. (Transport mechanisms are described in Chapter 1.) The remaining options do not accurately describe the cell injury that results in increased osmotic pressure caused by hypoxia.
Hemosiderosis is a condition that results in the excess of what substance being stored as hemosiderin in cells of many organs and tissues?
Having one unpaired electron makes the molecule unstable; thus to stabilize, the molecule gives up an electron to another molecule or steals one. Therefore it is capable of forming injurious chemical bonds with proteins, lipids, or carbohydratesÑkey molecules in membranes and nucleic acids. The remaining options do not accurately describe the role played by free radicals in cell damage.
Ans: The pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot function because of a decrease in ATP levels. Explanation: A reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membraneÕs sodium-potassium (Na+ÐK+) pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail, which leads to an intracellular accumulation of sodium and calcium and diffusion of potassium out ...
Start studying Chapter 13: Cardiovascular Health. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
The heart is a four-chambered, fist-sized
Congestive heart failure results from the heart's inability to pump blood. As a result,
The blood supply to the brain is cut off and brain tissue dies.
A heart attack occurs when what fails to deliver enough blood to the heart?
herpes. Epstein-Barr. True or false: Some preservatives used by the food industry to prevent spoilage may actually decrease the cancer risks present in the foods to which they are added. True, Recall that some of these compounds are antioxidants and may actually decrease any cancer-causing properties the food might have.
Hypoperfusion-There is enough blood and fluid, but the patient cannot perfuse from decreased cardiac output seen in HF/myocardial infarction and from Atherosclerosis of the renal artery to causing stenosis. Third-spacing from heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome results in hypoperfusion.
It produces NH3 (urease) to actually decrease acid production . its production of urease neutralizes stomach acid. H. pylori then moves into the gastric mucosa causing. 1. results in decreased bicarbonate and mucin secretion and the production and increased secretion of hydrochloric acid. 2.
The parathyroid glands regulate serum levels of glucose in the body. "You will need to drink this 6-ounce bottle of orange juice.". A nurse in the school office is seeing a 7-year-old child with type 1 diabetes after gym class. The child is jittery and appears sweaty.
The condition the nurse is referring to is: obtaining a clean catch voided urine. The first method of choice for obtaining a urine specimen from a 3-year-old child with a possible urinary tract infection is: Administering antibiotics.
Feedback: Nutritional support is an important aspect of care for patients in shock. Patients in shock may require 3,000 calories daily. This caloric need is directly related to the release of catecholamines and the resulting increase in metabolic rate and caloric requirements.
Shock is a life-threatening condition with a variety of underlying causes. Shock is caused when the cells have a lack of adequate blood supply and are deprived of oxygen and nutrients. In cases of shock, blood is shunted from peripheral areas of the body to the vital organs.
Temperature should be monitored closely to ensure that rapid fluid resuscitation does not precipitate hypothermia. IV fluids may need to be warmed during the administration of large volumes. The nurse should monitor the patient for cardiovascular overload and pulmonary edema when large volumes of IV solution are administered. Coffee ground emesis is an indication of a GI bleed, not shock. Pain is related to cardiogenic shock.
In the compensatory stage of shock, the body shunts blood from the organs, such as the skin and kidneys, to the brain and heart to ensure adequate blood supply. As a result, the patient's skin is cool and clammy. Also in this compensatory stage, blood vessels vasoconstrict, the heart rate increases, bowel sounds are hypoactive, and the urine output decreases.
GI function does not increase during shock. The nurse is transferring a patient who is in the progressive stage of shock into ICU from the medical unit.
Decreased oxygen consumption by the body is not a concern in hypovolemic shock. With a decrease in fluids in the intravascular space, increased serum osmolality would occur. Sepsis is an evolving process, with neither clearly definable clinical signs and symptoms nor predictable progression.
d. Potassium shift s out of the mitochondria, which destroys the infrastructure.
b. Influx of potassium ions into the mitochondria occurs, halting the ATP production.
Emerging data indicate that reactive oxygen species play major roles in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular alterations associated with hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus , hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic heart failure. No current research connects the disorders mentioned in the other options to the effects of free radicals.
Lead affects many different biologic activities at the cellular and molecular levels, many of which may be related to its ability to interfere with the functions of calcium. Lead does not appear to cause damage by interfering with the action of the other options.
Other systems may evidentially be affected by chronic alcoholism. PTS: 1 REF: Page 68. During cell injury caused by hypoxia, an increase in the osmotic pressure occurs within the cell because: a.