One such momentous occassion, in 1543, started off one of the greatest scientific revolutions of our times. In that year, Nicholas Copernicus published his theory of the Earth orbitting the Sun. This caused a stir and contradicted the common view of that time that it was the Sun that revolved around the Earth.
The concept of paradigm shifts comes from the work of Thomas Kuhn, who described it in his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. Kuhn was originally a physicist, who by chance started teaching a course on the history of science. While doing it, he began noticing some patterns on how scientific thought changes.
It was gravity. This era has been dubbed “The Copernican Revolution”. Immanuel Kant, the 18th century German philosopher, used this scientific revolution as a metaphor for a shift from thinking based on blind faith and narratives to a thinking based on reason and scientific laws.
Gelileo's publication of the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems resulted in The church's condemnaton of Galileo for heresy Spiritual matters, Blaise Pascal
Which of these was a paradigm about the sexes that was overturned in the seventeenth century? Women are imperfect men.
Descartes (1596 1650) A strong proponent of the deductive method was Descartes. He believed, like Plato, that observations are not trustworthy. Descartes sought to start from first principles and argue logically to derive results.
Which statement best describes the British Empire in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries? The British Empire lacked administrative coherence and is best understood as a patchwork quilt of colonies and territories.
Inductive reasoning is a bottom-up approach, while deductive reasoning is top-down. Inductive reasoning takes you from the specific to the general, while in deductive reasoning, you make inferences by going from general premises to specific conclusions.
The inductive approach begins with a set of empirical observations, seeking patterns in those observations, and then theorizing about those patterns. The deductive approach begins with a theory, developing hypotheses from that theory, and then collecting and analyzing data to test those hypotheses.
The First and Second World Wars left Britain weakened and less interested in its empire. Also many parts of the empire contributed troops and resources to the war effort and took an increasingly independent view. This led to a steady decline of the empire after 1945.
The Empire was overstretched and - combined with growing unrest in various colonies - this led to the swift and decisive fall of many of Britain's key assets, some diplomatically, some violently. In 1947 India became independent following a nonviolent civil-disobedience campaign spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi.
Which statement is the most accurate description of the middle colonies in the 1700s? They were home to diverse immigrants, they were a center of trade, and they eventually came under British control.
Immanuel Kant, the 18th century German philosopher, used this scientific revolution as a metaphor for a shift from thinking based on blind faith and narratives to a thinking based on reason and scientific laws. The lesson was not to fit the facts to the stories, but instead the stories to the facts.
The concept of paradigm shifts comes from the work of Thomas Kuhn, who described it in his book “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. Kuhn was originally a physicist, who by chance started teaching a course on the history of science. While doing it, he began noticing some patterns on how scientific thought changes.
Some people recognize that the rules of the paradigm were broken and new explanations appear. This leads to new theories and then new first principles. A new paradigm gets put in place, replacing the old. However the old paradigm doesn’t disappear so easily.
You will understand why when you read this definition of a paradigm by Fritjof Capra: “ A paradigm is a constellation of concepts, values, perceptions and practices shared by a community, which forms a particular vision of reality. “.
You go back to the cave, but as you enter, your eyes are now not used to seeing in such darkness and you are temporarily blinded again. You try to explain to your fellow prisoners what you saw outside, but they don’t believe you, think that you are mad, and at last try to kill you.
One such momentous occassion, in 1543, started off one of the greatest scientific revolutions of our times. In that year, Nicholas Copernicus published his theory of the Earth orbitting the Sun.
A statement is considered scientific if it can be proven false by just one simple observation. Falsifiability implies testability. If you look around and only see white swans, then you can hypothesize that all swans are white. However this statement can be proven false just by one observation of a black swan.