Feb 01, 2020 · Which of the following is an example of a coastal hazard? A. Rip Currents. When it comes to coastal hazards, we mean the risks of life as well as property that occurs on the coastline and usually occur as a result of coastal flooding, shoreline erosion, storm surges or high winds to name a few.
Aug 04, 2020 · It is estimated that 90% of these phenomena are caused by earthquakes, in which case they are more correctly and accurately called 'tectonic tsunamis'. The energy of a tsunami depends on its height, its wavelength and the length of its front. The total energy discharged over a coastal area will also depend on the number of peaks carried by the ...
Question 15 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points Which of the following is an example of a coastal hazard? C. rip current. rip current . Question 16 of 25 Which of these features is found on a submergent coast, with a relative rising sea level?
A. sediment load is low B. stream discharge is high C. the source of sediment is more than the water flow can handle D. velocity is slow Question 25 of 25 4.0/ 4.0 Points The atmosphere has several layers in it including_____. A. the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere B. the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and troposphere C. the biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere
coastal erosion and shoreline stability (including river mouths, tidal inlets and cliffs) from waves, storm tide, changes in sediment budgets, river floods, coastal structures, stormwater and sea-level rise. coastal flooding from storm tide, wave overtopping, river floods, tsunami and sea-level rise.
Coastal hazards include tsunami, storm erosion and storm flooding. The present-day extent and likelihood of various coastal hazard risks are expected to increase as a result of more intense storms and a rise of around one metre in sea level in the next 100 years.
Coastal communities are vulnerable to such catastrophic events as hurricanes, tropical storms, and tsunamis, and even the flooding and high winds associated with smaller, less intense storms can present major dangers to those living along the coast. hazards can bring to heavily populated areas at the ocean's edge.
Coastal erosion (or shoreline retreat) is the loss of coastal lands due to the net removal of sediments or bedrock from the shoreline. Erosion is typically driven by the action of waves and currents, and by mass wasting processes on slopes, and subsidence (particularly on muddy coasts).
Coastal hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal area to risk of property damage, loss of life and environmental degradation. Rapid-onset hazards last over periods of minutes to several days and examples include major cyclones accompanied by high winds, waves and surges or tsunamis created by submarine earthquakes and landslides.
The five most common types of coastal zones range from the northern ice-pushing, mountainous coastline of Alaska and Maine, the barrier island coasts facing the Atlantic, the steep, cliff-back headlands along the pacific coast, the marginal-sea type coastline of the Gulf region, and the coral reef coasts bordering Southern Florida and Hawaii.
Adaptive management is another practice of development adaptation with the environment. Resources are the major factor when managing adaptively to a certain environment to accommodate all the needs of development and ecosystems. Strategies used must be flexible by either passive or active adaptive management include these key features: 1 AIterative decision-making (evaluating results and adjusting actions on the basis of what has been learned) 2 Feedback between monitoring and decisions (learning process) 3 Explicit characterization of system uncertainty through multi-model inference (experimentation) 4 Embracing risk and uncertainty as a way of building understanding (trial and error)
The populations that live near or along the coast experience many hazards and it affects millions of people. Around ten million people globally feel the effects of coastal problems yearly and most are due to certain natural hazards like coastal flooding with storm surges and typhoons.
These environments are heavily occupied with permafrost and glaciers, which are the two major conditions affecting Alaska's Coastal Development.
Marginal-sea type coastline. The southern banks of the United States border the Gulf of Mexico, intersecting numerous rivers, forming many inlets bays, and lagoons along its coast, consisting of vast areas of marsh and wetlands.
It is an offshore rise of water and overall creates a higher sea level that rises and is pushed inland. The amount of rise or fall of storm surge depends greatly on the amount and duration of wind and water in a specific location. Also, if it occurs during a high tide it can have an even greater effect on the coast.
Future scenarios of meteo-oceanographic conditions can enhance present coastal hazards, forcing a new approach to the traditional defend-adapt-retreat strategies. The uncertainty in future climate and socioeconomic scenarios may also alter the balance between these strategies, conceived for a set of hydrodynamic drivers and coastal responses that will likely be surpassed under future conditions. Taking the Spanish Mediterranean Coast as an example, there are two main options within a “maintain” strategy (defend or adapt), since the retreat pathway is not easily acceptable for a scarce territory and a coastal society not used to that approach:
The coastal risk reduction and resilience discovery initiative of the IfSC seeks to provide solutions to today’s most pressing coastal issues. The shared focus of this team is coastal hazard reduction and resilience with specific emphasis on coastal flooding. The IfSC’s coastal risk reduction and resilience initiative provides solutions to current coastal issues through holistic research that explores the interconnections of the natural, built, and sociopolitical environments. This initiative builds upon the work of the Texas Center for Beaches and Shores, driven by an interdisciplinary team of faculty, professional staff, and students with backgrounds in urban planning, geography, economics, ocean engineering, coastal ecology, marine biology, marine sciences, environmental science, coastal planning, and political science ( TAMU-GCBS, 2019 ). This type of research is important in that, globally, populations are growing in high flood risk coastal areas ( Cutter & Finch, 2008 ). In fact, coastal counties comprise 17% of the land area in the United States ( Beatley, 2009 ). The Texas coast is one of the areas most frequently impacted by coastal storms globally ( Berke et al., 2015 ), and Houston, TX, has one of the highest numbers of coastal flood-related fatalities in the last 50 years ( Highfield, Norman, & Brody, 2013 ).
1. Permanent infrastructures with “hard” reinforcements (e.g., higher free boards, longer revetments), associated with to a “rigid” maintenance of a given shoreline. 2. Soft or “green” solutions (e.g., vegetation, sand groins) that would maintain a given “space” but allow a certain level of dynamics for the shoreline.
The experts concluded that forests and trees can act as bioshield for the protection of people and assets against tsunamis and other coastal hazards, but whether they are effective, and the degree of their effectiveness, depends on many variables. It is important to understand, however, that they do not provide effective protection against all hazards (e.g. extremely large tsunami waves, flooding from cyclones and certain types of coastal erosion). The degree of protection they offer depends on a number of variables, including the characteristics of the hazard itself (type, force and frequency), the features of the site and the characteristics of the bioshield (inter alia type of forest or tree species, density and height).