Types of biological macromoleculesBiological macromoleculeBuilding blocksExamplesLipidsFatty acids and glycerolFats, phospholipids, waxes, oils, grease, steroidsProteinsAmino acidsKeratin (found in hair and nails), hormones, enzymes, antibodiesNucleic acidsNucleotidesDNA, RNA1 more row
proteinsStructurally, proteins are the most complex macromolecules. A protein is a linear molecule comprised of amino acids. Twenty different amino acids are found in proteins. The sequence of a protein's amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the DNA coding for the synthesis of this protein.
Each macromolecule is broken down by a specific enzyme. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down by amylase, sucrase, lactase, or maltase. Proteins are broken down by the enzymes pepsin and peptidase, and by hydrochloric acid. Lipids are broken down by lipases.
Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers—proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids are the four major classes of biological macromolecules—large molecules necessary for life that are built from smaller organic molecules. Macromolecules are made up of single units known as monomers that are joined by covalent bonds to form larger polymers.
Proteins are macromolecular polypeptides—i.e., very large molecules (macromolecules) composed of many peptide-bonded amino acids. Most of the common ones contain more than 100 amino acids linked to each other in a long peptide chain.
Each macromolecule is broken down by a specific enzyme. For instance, carbohydrates are broken down by amylase, sucrase, lactase, or maltase. Proteins are broken down by the enzymes pepsin and peptidase, and by hydrochloric acid. Lipids are broken down by lipases.Apr 9, 2022
Lipid metabolism begins in the intestine where ingested triglycerides are broken down into smaller chain fatty acids and subsequently into monoglyceride molecules (see (Figure)b) by pancreatic lipases, enzymes that break down fats after they are emulsified by bile salts.
small intestineThrough the gastrointestinal system, the nutritional substances, minerals, vitamins, and fluids, enter the body. Lipids, proteins, and complex carbohydrates are broken down into small and absorbable units (digested), principally in the small intestine.Sep 18, 2021
The transport of amino acids into the cytoplasm occurs via functionally and biochemically distinct amino acid transport systems that have been defined on the basis of their amino acid selectivities and physico-chemical properties.
Lysosomes: Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
A lysosome is a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.
Carbon's unique chemical bonding with other atoms contributes to its ability to form biomolecules, such as macromolecules, which serve as building blocks for many larger kinds of molecules or polymers.
A condensation reaction is the process by which two molecules are joined together to form a larger molecule by removing water. Specifically, as it relates to macromolecules, smaller carbon (C)-containing polymers join unlinked monomers to form longer polymers and a water molecule by product.