Which description is consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? A. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood.
The common feature of all forms of leukemia is an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells. The two major forms of leukemia, acute and chronic, are classified by which criteria?
At the time of diagnosis, the individual usually has the classic triad of symptoms: fever, pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy of the cervical lymph nodes. Early detection of acute leukemia would include which of the following symptoms?
B. A shift to the left C. Leukocytosis D. Leukemia B When the demand for circulating mature neutrophils exceeds the supply, the marrow begins to release immature neutrophils (and other leukocytes) into the blood. Premature release of the immature white cells is responsible for the phenomenon known as a shift to the left or leukemoid reaction.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (also called CLL) is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow that usually gets worse slowly. CLL is one of the most common types of leukemia in adults.
Having more than 10,000 lymphocytes/mm³ (per cubic millimeter) of blood strongly suggests CLL, but other tests are needed to know for sure. You might also have low levels of red blood cells and platelets. A sample of blood is looked at under the microscope (called a peripheral blood smear).
Enlarged lymph nodes are the most common presenting symptom, seen in 87% of patients symptomatic at time of diagnosis. A predisposition to repeated infections such as pneumonia, herpes simplex labialis, and herpes zoster may be noted. Early satiety and/or abdominal discomfort may be related to an enlarged spleen.
Flow cytometry, also called immunophenotyping, is the most important test to confirm a diagnosis of CLL.
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It affects the white blood cells called lymphocytes. It tends to develop very slowly. It is more common in older people and is rare in people younger than 40.
In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the spongy material found inside some bones (bone marrow) produces too many white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are not fully developed and do not work properly.
CLL causes a slow increase in a certain type of white blood cells called B lymphocytes, or B cells. Cancer cells spread through the blood and bone marrow. CLL can also affect the lymph nodes or other organs such as the liver and spleen. CLL eventually can cause the bone marrow to lose its function.
SymptomsFever or chills.Persistent fatigue, weakness.Frequent or severe infections.Losing weight without trying.Swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen.Easy bleeding or bruising.Recurrent nosebleeds.Tiny red spots in your skin (petechiae)More items...
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the body's blood-forming cells in the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It can take one of several forms and spread at different rates, but most types of leukemia disrupt the production of healthy white blood cells that are designed to multiply, fight infections and die off.
Usually, people develop the disease during middle age or later. Most people who receive a CLL diagnosis are around age 70.
A diagnosis of leukemia is usually made by analyzing a patient's blood sample through a complete blood count (CBC) or microscopic evaluation of the blood, or by using flow cytometry.
People with CLL may have very high white blood cell counts because of excess numbers of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis), but the leukemia cells don't fight infection the way normal white blood cells do.
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bence Jones protein. Multiple myeloma . The myeloma may produce free immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones protein) that is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of patients.
The common feature of all forms of leukemia is an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells.
As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. C. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
The current classification of leukemia is based on (1) the predominant cell of origin (either myeloid or lymphoid) and (2) the rate of progression, which usually reflects the degree at which cell differentiation was arrested when the cell became malignant (acute or chronic) (see Figure 29-2) .
Hodgkin disease is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph nodes to another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of RS cells (see Figure 29-8), . but not the involvement of the Philadelphia chromosome. Virchow triad is a symptom related to thrombus formation.
Endotoxin, in particular, triggers the release of multiple cytokines that play a significant role in the development and maintenance of DIC. Proinflammatory cytokines—TNF-α; IL-1, IL-6, IL-8; PAF—are responsible for the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the sepsis associated with DIC.
A. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. B. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood.
The Philadelphia chromosome is present in more than 95% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Bence Jones protein. Multiple myeloma . The myeloma may produce free immunoglobulin light chain (Bence Jones protein) that is present in the blood and urine in approximately 80% of patients.
The common feature of all forms of leukemia is an uncontrolled proliferation of malignant leukocytes, causing an overcrowding of bone marrow and decreased production and function of normal hematopoietic cells.
As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. C. B cells fail to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins.
The current classification of leukemia is based on (1) the predominant cell of origin (either myeloid or lymphoid) and (2) the rate of progression, which usually reflects the degree at which cell differentiation was arrested when the cell became malignant (acute or chronic) (see Figure 29-2) .
Hodgkin disease is characterized by its progression from one group of lymph nodes to another, the development of systemic symptoms, and the presence of RS cells (see Figure 29-8), . but not the involvement of the Philadelphia chromosome. Virchow triad is a symptom related to thrombus formation.
Endotoxin, in particular, triggers the release of multiple cytokines that play a significant role in the development and maintenance of DIC. Proinflammatory cytokines—TNF-α; IL-1, IL-6, IL-8; PAF—are responsible for the clinical signs and symptoms associated with the sepsis associated with DIC.
A. ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. B. Leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells characterize the bone marrow and peripheral blood.