In this CSE citation system, references in your text give the last name of the author or authors and the year of publication within parentheses.
CSE Name-Year in-text formatting rules are as follows: One space should separate the author's name and the year of publication. Page numbers are included only when part of a source or a direct quotation is cited. The abbreviation (p), without a period should precede the page number (s).
Although CSE provides rules for how to quote or excerpt sources, in practice almost no scientists publishing in journals that use CSE documentation choose to quote sources. Instead, these authors paraphrase or simply cite authors.
They publish Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers which is the style guide used by many working in biology. (The organization was started in 1957 as the Council of Biological Editors, CBE, which is why the style is sometimes referred to as CBE.)
Paper FormattingUse 8.5x11 white paper.Number your pages on the top-right corner, starting at two (your title page is the first, but should not be labeled as such)Leave at least a 1" margin on all sides of the page.double-space your paper and indent each new paragraph 1/2"More items...•
Title PageA title page is required for CSE. ... Don't underline, italicize, or bold the title, and it is not necessary to put it in quotation marks or in block capitals.The entire title page should be double spaced. ... Omit a header or a page number on the title page.
The CSE style encompasses three distinct systems: Name-Year: In-text citations appear in brackets, and consist of the author(s) last name, as well as the document's year of publication (e.g. Smith 2008). The end reference list appears in alphabetical order by author last name.
CSE Paper Format Add a header after the cover page. The header should contain the title and page number (starting with 2). Double space the entire paper and use 1 inch margins. If you use sections like "Abstract, Introduction, Discussions", center the section title on the page.
Book and journal titles are not underlined or italicized; article titles are not placed in quotation marks. In book and article entries, only the first word of the title (and any proper noun) is capitalized; for journal entries, capitalize all words of the journal title.
Formatting the References Page Indent the hanging line(s) of each citation (0.5" or 1.27 cm). The first line of a reference should be flush with the left hand margin, with all subsequent lines in that reference should be indented by half an inch.
CSE Paper Format Add a header after the cover page. The header should contain the title and page number (starting with 2). Double space the entire paper and use 1 inch margins. If you use sections like "Abstract, Introduction, Discussions", center the section title on the page.
In this CSE citation system, references in your text give the last name of the author or authors and the year of publication within parentheses. These parenthetical refer to sources listed at the end of the document.
Required citation elements include author(s), publication date, title, place of publication and publisher. If a book has been printed in more than one edition, the edition information is also required. Authors names are provided in the order they appear in the publication cited.
CSE stands for Council of Science Editors, and it indicates a specific style to be used when citing information and organizing a research paper. The CSE documentation style is used in the sciences, including: Biology, Ecology, Zoology, and Medicine.
Your Name, Professor's Name, Class Name, and Date should double-spaced on the first page of your paper in the upper left-hand corner, with a 1 inch margin from the top and left sides.
The full form of CSE is Computer Science Engineering. It is an engineering course that involves several computer science aspects essential for the creation of the computer system.
The CSE Name-Year in-text citation system follows a parenthetical format rather than the superscripted numbers found in the CSE Citation-Sequence system. It emphasizes authors' names and dates of publication, both of which are important benchmarks denoting relevancy and validity in the social and the hard sciences.
If your document is 6½ pages long, the References list should begin on page 7, directly below the concluding text of your document.
CSE offers two systems for documenting sources: 1) a Citation-Sequence system, 2) a name-year system. This guide explains the CSE Name-Year system, which his very similar to ...
Cite both the last name of the author and the publication date. The citation is placed in parentheses directly following the information being cited. When the citation falls at the end of the sentence, the parenthetical note precedes the end punctuation (the Period). One space separates the author's name and the date.
The word "Anonymous" replaces an author's name in the parenthetic citation of a work authored by an anonymous source rather than the abbreviated title. The reference list entry begins the same way. Example: Critics occasionally mention the difficulty of interpreting findings like these (Anonymous 1995).
1. Citing an Entire Source. When citing an entire work, document the last name of the author and the year of publication. No page numbers are necessary. The citation format will vary according to whether the author's name is mentioned in the sentence being cited. Author Name Not Included in Preceding Sentence.
When, in one parenthetical note , you are citing two or more works by the same author published in the same year, be sure to distinguish between the two by assigning them letter suffixes ("a," "b," etc.). These designations will be consistent with those you have given the works in the reference list.
In the citation-sequence system, sources are numbered by order of reference so that the first reference cited in the paper is 1, the second 2, and so on. In citation-name, the sources are numbered alphabetically so that 1 refers to the first source in an alphabetical list, 2 refers to the second source in that list, and so on.
Secondary citations refer to material that you have not seen in its original form but rather have obtained from another document that cited the original source. In the 2006 edition of the CSE Manual, secondary citations are not listed as a valid form of citation. Instead, find and cite the original source.
Reference list information for articles found online adds a medium designator— [Internet], including the brackets—at the end of the title of the journal, as well as a citation date and a URL. The CSE Manual does not explicitly require this information if the online content is identical to the print content.
The goal of your reference list is to help your reader identify each numbered source quickly and clearly. CSE has standardized the information to be provided for ease and predictability of reading.
If the numbers are not in a continuous sequence, use commas (with no spaces) between numbers. If you have more than two numbers in a continuous sequence, use the first and last number of the sequence joined by a hyphen.
When you quote or excerpt a source, include an in-text reference to help your reader see what source you are quoting from. The seventh edition of the CSE Manual does not provide specific rules for identifying the page number or other location information for that source.
Although CSE provides rules for how to quote or excerpt sources, in practice almost no scientists publishing in journal s that use CSE documentation choose to quote sources. Instead, these authors paraphrase or simply cite authors.
The body of research papers are typically divided into 5 sections; abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion. Use headings to to help visually organize your paper and separate different sections.
Introduction. CSE doesn't give any specifications of how a paper should be formatted, so check with your instructor to see how he or she prefers it to be formatted. Listed below are some generic, good practice guidelines which will help get you started.
If you cite the works of two authors who have identical last names and their works published in the same year, include the authors’ last name and initials both in-text references with the years and separate them by a semicolon and a space.
Cite the document in the text using the first or first few words of the title, followed by an ellipsis.
When two or more documents are cited together in parentheses, they should be cited in a chronologic order from earliest to latest. Those published in the same year should be sequenced alphabetically by author’s name.
In Name and Year (N-Y) System, each citation in text is designated by the last name (s) of the author (s) followed by the year of publication of the document. The name and the date are enclosed within parentheses. The citations are arranged in the "References" section by the alphabetic order of the last name of first author of the document that you are citing.
The Council for Science Editors (CSE) is a trade organization for editorial professionals working in the sciences. They publish Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and Publishers which is the style guide used by many working in biology. (The organization was started in 1957 as the Council of Biological Editors, CBE, which is why the style is sometimes referred to as CBE.) There are a number of other styles used in the natural sciences, particularly in medicine, so if you're working on a paper for one of these classes make sure to check with your teacher about which style guide to use.
Here are the basics you need to know for formatting your paper: 1 Margins. Use 1" margins on all four sides of the page. 2 Indentation. Indent the start of a paragraph 1/2 inch from the left margin; indent block quotations 1/2 inch as well. The reference page should use a hanging indent, meaning all lines of a bibliographic entry after the first are indented 1/2 inch. 3 Font. The CSE style manual does not require any specific font, but in general it's a good idea to use an easily readable font like 12-point Times New Roman or Arial. 4 Page numbers. Number pages consecutively in the upper right-hand corner starting with the number two on the page immediately following the title page. 5 Spacing. Double space the entire paper including the References page and block quotes. 6 Title page. The title page should include the title of paper centered on the page, your name centered three quarters of the way down the page, and the class, professor's name, and date centered at the bottom. The title page should not include a header or page number. 7 Running heads. A shortened version of the title should be included in the header immediately before the page number in the upper right corner starting on the page after the title page (which should be numbered as page 2).
Research papers formatting using the CSE manual should include sections with the following titles: Abstract, Introduction, Methods (or Materials and Methods), Results, Discussion, References (or Cited References). The paper can have subheadings within each of these sections, but these six should be the only main headings. There's no standardized headings for papers that are not presenting the results of original research.
The CSE manual also allows you to cite sources using the authors name and the publication year in parenthesis, a style similar to that used in other formatting guides like MLA and APA.
If you are citing works published by the same first author in the same year but with different groups of additional authors, CSE’s official rule is that you should name as many authors as necessary for your reader to be able to distinguish each source.
Secondary citations refer to material that you have not seen in its original form but rather have obtained from another document that cited the original source. In the 2006 edition of the CSE Manual, secondary citations are not listed as a valid form of citation. Instead, find and cite the original source.
Reference list information for articles found online adds a medium designator— [Internet], including the brackets—at the end of the title of the journal, as well as a citation date and a URL. The CSE Manual does not explicitly require this information if the online content is identical to the print content.
The goal of your reference list is to help your reader identify each numbered source quickly and clearly. CSE has standardized the information to be provided for ease and predictability of reading.
When you quote or excerpt a source, include an in-text reference to help your reader see what source you are quoting from. The seventh edition of the CSE Manual does not provide specific rules for identifying the page number or other location information for that source.
Cite sources as close as practicable to the information they support. This might mean citing a source at the end of a sentence or in the middle of a sentence. This might lead to long sentences, with citations immediately following the topics with which those sources are associated:
Authors’ first names are rendered as capitals after their surnames. Otegui MS, Kiessling LL, Batzli J. The reference list is organized alphabetically by author’s last name. When there is more than one work by an author, those works are organized chronologically.
The CSE literature-cited list appears at the end of the paper, and it numerically or alphabetically lists the sources cited or used in your paper. Note the following characteristics of the literature-cited page:
10. If you need to cite more than one work in the same parentheses, list the authors chronologically, separating each citation with a semicolon. If you cite works by two different authors with the same last name, use the first initial, capitalized, after each name .
When citing an article in a reference book, such as an encyclopedia, start with the author and title of the article if the author is named. For an anonymous article, begin with the editor(s) and title of a specialized or general reference book and put the article’s title at the end of the citation, followed by its page number(s). Include editor(s) in citations for specialized reference books because they are usually well-known experts in the specialized field. However, for a general reference book, it is not necessary to include the editors. When using both the author of the article and the editor of the reference book, follow the format above for “Article or chapter in a book with a different author or editor.”
preface, foreword, introduction, chapter, appendix , or similar part of a book begins with the name of the author followed by the citation for the entire work and then the information on the part of the book.
Scientists seldom use direct quotations; however, if you copy exact words that you find in a text, even just a few, you must use quotation marks (" "). You must copy the passage precisely as it appears and give credit to the author in the name-year system, in which the author and year appear in an in-text citation (author year) after all quoted, paraphrased, or summarized material unless the author’s name appears in a signal phrase.
If there is a subtitle, add a colon after the title and follow it with the subtitle. Except for proper nouns, subtitles are not capitalized.
When authors of 2 works published in the same year have the same surname, include their initials in the in-text citation and separate the names by a semicolon and space.
Begin the in-text reference with the first word or first few words of the title, followed by an ellipsis. Use only enough words to distinguish this title from other end references.
If an organizational author is referenced only once or twice in a document, the full organizational name is acceptable. A shortened form can be used in the in-text reference if the organization has a familiar abbreviation.