when is the orbital trauma course military discount

What causes orbital roof fractures?

These fractures are most commonly caused by an extension of a superior orbital rim fracture and are often associated with significant head trauma. Concurrent frontal sinus or intracranial injuries are also common.

What is orbital emphysema?

In most cases, orbital emphysema is a transient, limited, and benign entity found when small fractures of the orbital bones communicate with the paranasal sinuses.

What is the Le Fort II fracture?

The Le Fort II fracture is a pyramidal shaped fracture through the nasal root, the medial orbital floors, the inferior orbital rim, the anterior maxillary wall and under the zygoma through the pterygoid plates.

What is orbital fracture?

Orbital Fractures. Fractures of the orbit are a common occurrence with facial trauma. The eyeball is protected from the full force of blunt trauma when these thin walls give way and allow the globe to "sink in" or retract into the expanded orbit away from the inciting force.

What is the most commonly fractured wall of the orbit?

The most commonly fractured wall of the orbit is the medial orbital floor. Laterally, the relatively thick zygomatic bone is separated from the thin maxillary and palatine bones by the inferior orbital fissure carrying the neurovascular bundle of the infraorbital nerve and artery ( Figure 4 ).

How big is the optic canal?

The optic canal is roughly 10 mm in length and 7 mm in diameter and is situated at the apex of the orbital cone ( Figure 11 ). It allows cranial nerve (CN) II and the ophthalmic artery to traverse the skull base and enter/exit the cranial vault.

Which bone is the thinnest?

The thinnest bone of the orbit is the lamina papyracea (ethmoid bone), which makes up the majority of the medial orbital wall ( Figure 6 ). Fractures of the medial wall often accompany orbital floor fractures. Some reports indicate that combined floor/medial wall fractures occur in up to 50% of all floor fractures.

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