• what role did the pope have in deciding the course of early settlement in the americas?

Pope Alexander VI issues a papal bull or decree, “Inter Caetera," in which he authorizes Spain and Portugal to colonize the Americas and its Native peoples as subjects. The decree asserts the rights of Spain and Portugal to colonize, convert, and enslave. It also justifies the enslavement of Africans.

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What was the role of the pope in the Middle Ages?

Sep 13, 2021 · Papal Corruption. The Pope was the head of the Catholic Church and the spiritual leader of millions of Christians in Europe. However, the great wealth and power of the Papacy corrupted the various holders of the office and this was to have a marked effect on Renaissance Italy. Many Popes were more interested in advancing the interests of their families and they …

What did the Pope do in 1493 AD?

Pope Francis, current pope and leader of the Catholic Church. The term pope is derived from the Latin word papa, meaning 'father.'. In the early centuries of …

How has the pope's authority changed over time?

In theory, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. The treaty amended papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. These declarations had granted Spain an exclusive claim to the entirety of North and South America. Alexander wished to accommodate the colonial aspirations of the ...

Why was Peter the first pope?

Feb 25, 2020 · The Roman Catholic Church is a very organized institution. During the Middle Ages, its hierarchy became more elaborate than ever. The Pope was the head of the hierarchy, and he established supreme power. Since the Church was so intertwined with the way the society functioned, the Pope’s influence extended way beyond his role in the Church. Christians …

What was the role of the pope in the early Middle Ages?

What is the role of the Pope?

How does the pope make decisions?

Why did the pope participate in the discovery of new lands?

What role did the Popes play in the Renaissance?

What was the pope's role in the Roman Catholic Church quizlet?

What happens when a pope is elected?

Why was pope elected?

Can a woman be a pope?

Which pope issued the Doctrine of Discovery?

How does pope Alexander justify Spain's dominion over other peoples land?

What did Pope Alexander VI do?

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

In theory, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. The treaty amended papal bulls issued...

How did the other European powers respond to the terms of the Treaty of Tordesillas?

After Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, the other countries of Europe did not obey its terms. They instead pursued th...

How long did the Treaty of Tordesillas last?

When it was signed in 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas was to “continue in force and remain firm, stable, and valid forever and ever.” But the succe...

What was the Pope's authority in the early 14th century?

By the early 14th century, the Church was at the height of its power. In 1302, Pope Boniface VIII issued Unam Sanctum, which declared submission to the pope was vital for salvation. It also stated spiritual authority was more powerful than secular authority, thus claiming supreme authority over even kings.

What was the role of the Pope in the last 2000 years?

After Christianity was legalized, his authority started to slowly spread per the Petrine Doctrine. Eventually, he became so powerful, kings and emperors argued with him on issues, such as the Investiture Controversy, and they feared punishments, such as excommunication. By the 16th century, however, the popes' authority had waned, a process that has continued into today. Still, he is a powerful spiritual leader over the one billion people who belong to the Catholic Church today.

What was the role of the Pope in the Petrine Doctrine?

As Europe became more organized, the pope became more and more influential, and the Petrine Doctrine was put to practical use. Now the pope was truly seen as the spiritual authority over all Catholics, not just those in Rome.

What was the biggest issue in the 11th century?

One of the biggest issues was the Investiture Controversy. This concerned who would appoint local bishops. The problem is when a bishop was appointed, he gained land within a king's territory, so that brought up the question of who - the king or the pope - should get to choose who would be a bishop.

Why were the early popes executed?

Because Christians refused to worship the pagan gods of Rome, they were often executed for treason until the 4th century when Christianity became legalized. For this reason, many early popes were executed. They became known as martyrs, people who die for the faith.

What did Protestants disagree on?

While the Protestants disagreed on several issues, one of the things they all agreed on was that one person should not be in charge of all Christians. Thus, they objected to the very role of the pope.

Who was the king of France who was accused of a crime against the Pope?

King Philip IV of France, with whom Boniface had already been feuding, responded with a variety of criminal and immoral accusations against the pope, and many bishops sided with him. The pope was captured, beaten, and died shortly afterward, and no pope attempted to put forth a claim similar to Unam Sanctum again.

Why did Ferdinand and Isabella enlist papal support for their claims to the New World?

In 1493, after reports of Columbus’s discoveries had reached them, the Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella enlisted papal support for their claims to the New World in order to inhibit the Portuguese and other possible rival claimants.

Where was the papal division moved?

Meeting at Tordesillas, in northwestern Spain, Spanish and Portuguese ambassadors reaffirmed the papal division, but the line itself was moved to 370 leagues (1,185 miles) west of the Cape Verde Islands, or about 46°30′ W of Greenwich. Pope Julius II finally sanctioned the change in 1506.

What was the name of the treaty between Spain and Portugal that gave the Portuguese a legal claim to a large

The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) between Spain and Portugal, dividing the non-European world between them, gave the Portuguese a legal claim to a large part of the area to be called Brazil. The Portuguese came upon the Brazilian coast in 1500 on the way to India…

What happened after Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas?

After Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, the other countries of Europe did not obey its terms. They instead pursued their own agendas regarding the colonization of the Americas.

What were the Treaties of Tordesillas and Saragossa?

The Treaties of Tordesillas and Saragossa in 1494 and 1529 defined the limits of westward Spanish exploration and the eastern ventures of Portugal. The two states acting as the vanguard of the expansion of Europe had thus divided the newly discovered sea lanes of the world between them.…

Which treaty gave Spain the right to claim North and South America?

In theory, the Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence. The treaty amended papal bulls issued by Pope Alexander VI in 1493. These declarations had granted Spain an exclusive claim to the entirety of North and South America.

Why did Ferdinand Magellan set out under the Spanish flag?

Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan had set out under a Spanish flag in an attempt to bolster Spanish claims to the Spice Islands , despite an existing Portuguese presence there.

What was the role of the Pope in the Church?

The Church positioned itself as God’s kingdom on Earth, and the Pope was perceived as the ultimate authority , with a clear share in Christ’s power. The Pope had complete secular power over the so-called Papal State, which extended over a large region in Central Italy.

What was the power of the Pope?

The Pope Had an Immense Political Power. The Roman Catholic Church is a very organized institution. During the Middle Ages, its hierarchy became more elaborate than ever. The Pope was the head of the hierarchy, and he established supreme power. Since the Church was so intertwined with the way the society functioned, ...

What was the connection between religion, philosophy, and politics?

The connection between religion, philosophy, and politics was very strong . Medieval schools were governed by the principles of scholasticism. It was a pretty cool system, based on critical thinking and dialectical reasoning. The students were challenged to analyze contradictions and solve them.

What were the political ideas of the Bible?

Their political ideas were based on the teachings of the Bible. They stood behind the belief that it’s normal for people to be governed by kings, and they imposed the idea that today’s kings should follow the model established by King David.

How did the Church influence society?

However, the Church had a massive influence over every aspect of society. It governed the rise of the educational system. In fact, this model of education originated from Christian monastic schools. It was where the medieval political philosophy was rooted into people’s minds.

What did medieval political philosophers comment on?

In most cases, they commented on the conflicts between secular rules and the Church.

When did the Middle Ages start and end?

There’s a relative consensus that it started with Augustine and lasted after the birth of Descartes. That would put us in a rough frame between the mid-fourth and the early seventeenth century.

Why did geography favour the Americans?

Geography heavily favoured the Americans, because the 3,000 miles (4,800 km) of water that lay between them and the British Isles imposed a great supply problem on the British and made communication between the British officers in the field and their superiors in London slow and uncertain.

What did the patriots hope for after the shooting?

Months after the shooting had begun many of the patriots were still hoping that Britain would offer acceptable peace terms. They wished to believe that Adm. Richard Howe and Gen. William Howe, brothers who were appointed peace commissioners in 1776, would bring with them satisfactory bases for a settlement. However, as it became evident that Britain placed its chief reliance upon force of arms, the main body of the patriots kept pace. Word that the colonies had been declared to be in a state of rebellion in August 1775 had its effect, and news of the passage of the Prohibitory Act of November 1775, which withdrew the king’s protection from the colonies and declared them under naval blockade, had a profound impact. By January 1776 the sober-minded George Washington had decided he would be satisfied with nothing less than separation. Revolutionary governments in the colony-states and the Second Continental Congress cut ties with Britain, one by one, and at length on July 2, 1776, the Congress, speaking for all America, severed the last one, declaring, “These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states.” Two days later it gave its approval to the Declaration of Independence, wherein the patriots set forth the reasons for the action they had taken.

What was General Howe's mission?

Howe ’s peace mission. General Howe landed on Staten Island on the very day that the Congress declared independence. He and his brother were not empowered to negotiate with the patriots until the rebellion had been crushed, except to offer pardon to those who would lay down their arms.

What was Lord Barrington's view on the naval blockade?

The view of Lord Barrington, not accepted by his superiors , that reliance should be chiefly placed on a naval blockade, was , as history has revealed, good advice, since it would have cost Britain less in blood and treasure to lose the war by placing its faith in naval blockade than it actually did.

When was the Declaration of Independence signed?

The members of the Continental Congress signed the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia on July 4, 1776 . In the Declaration of Independence the patriots rested their case solely on the natural rights of mankind and the law of contract.

Who were the drafters of the Declaration of Independence?

Depiction of the drafters in Philadelphia in 1776: (left to right) Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Robert R. Livingston, and Roger Sherman. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (LC-DIG-pga-00249)

Did Barrington's plan bring victory?

Nor is it by any means certain that Barrington’s plan would not have brought victory. A blockade that seriously hurt the American economy, without taking American lives, might not have driven the colonists to seek independence and might have led ultimately to an Anglo-American accommodation.

Which countries enlisted the Pope's help to charge Protestants with heresy?

C. Spain and France en listed the pope's help to charge Protestants with heresy.

Why did Spain and France ward off the influence of Protestantism in Europe?

Because of their established central governments and strong ties to the Catholic Church, Spain and France were able to successfully ward off the growing influence of Protestantism in Europe.

What were the main interests of the French?

The French were interested in trade . Fisherman, fur traders, and Catholic missionaries comprised the vast majority of the French settlers who travelled to North America in this period.

Why did England send soldiers to North America?

A. England had sent soldiers to North America to conquer Spanish settlements.

What prevented them from launching colonies?

D. Rising religious tensions in England and France prevented them from launching colonies.

How many Huguenots were killed in Florida?

The tension in Europe led to murderous consequences in Florida in the 1550s and 1560s. By 1565, Spanish soldiers had killed about 300 Huguenots around St. Augustine.

What was the religious movement in the early sixteenth century?

Religious movement initiated in the early sixteenth century that resulted in a permanent division within European Christianity. Protestants differed with the Catholics over the nature of salvation, the role of priests, and the organization of the church.

What did the administration of Washington and Adams represent?

The administration of Washington and Adams represented the Anti-Federalist party and its economic policies. B. Voters were angered that much of the conflict between the two parties happened in private. C. John Adams signed the Alien and Sedition Acts to reverse the positions Washington had held.

What was the significance of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War?

A. The Second Anglo-Powhatan War significantly disrupted what had historically been peaceful relations between two groups

Why did African workers refuse to work for a wage in the Americas?

A. African workers refused to work for a wage in the Americas, so they were enslaved.

Do colonists have equal standing before Parliament?

A. "Colonists do not have equal standing before Parliament and are therefore subject to all of its laws."

Why did the Europeans bring slaves to the colonies?

It was the colonist intention to enslave the Native Americans but their plan changed when many of them died due to disease and from war. The Europeans then began bringing slaves over to the colonies from Africa.

What did the Roman Catholics believe?

The Roman Catholics believed that salvation could be achieved through acts of kindness or the church itself only.

Why did the Puritans clash with James I?

They clashed with James I because he had made it obvious that he would rule the way he wanted to and he provoked the Puritans by favoring English Catholics and subjective taxes.

Why was the intermarriage of Spanish with North Americans important?

The intermarriage of Spanish with North Americans emphasizes the importance of the female role in society. The men of the colonies felt the need for the female part in the family and friendship a woman offered. They ended turning to the natives to fill this position. It shows the frantic need of labor among the white settlers, and also shows why separation of the races did not stay as distinct as they had once been.

What did the Puritans do after Mary left the country?

After the Puritans had left the country under Mary, they returned with religious ideas. They requested reforms to "purify" the church.

Why did Hernando Cortes lead the expedition to Mexico?

Although their first attempt was not a success, former Spanish government official, Hernando Cortes decided to lead a small expedition to Mexico because he had also heard of the treasure. Cortes' attempt was also a fail but he did however expose the natives to smallpox unknowingly.

How did the voyages to the New World work?

The voyages to the New World weren't sent by the government but by single leaders. If someone wished to travel to the New World they had to obtain a license from the crown which entitled them to them to go but it also made it so that they had to return one fifth of all profits they made in the new world. The licenses secured rights to the colonizers and brought awareness to them of their responsibility as a voyager; they were to be held accountable for anything ruined or lost.