The R.A.D.A.R. operator cannot establish patrol vehicle speeds at or near the enforcement threshold point to be enforced. A patrol vehicle’s speed, matched to the flow of traffic around it, will be blind to most those vehicles.
11. In __________ V. Commonwealth the courts outlined R.A.D.A.R. operator’s qualifications as; (1) ability to set up, test, and read the R.A.D.A.R. device. (2) vehicle identification. (3) visual estimate of target vehicle speed. (Ch. 8, Pg. 125)
STATIONARY COSINE EFFECT WORKSHEET RADAR: Supplement #4 True Speed 60 mph True Speed 60 mph True Speed 60 mph True Speed 45 mph True Speed 57 mph 15◦ 3 5◦ RADAR Indicated Speed: RADAR Indicated Speed: RADAR Indicated Speed: RADAR Indicated Speed: RADAR Indicated Speed: 22 40 28
The student must follow all approved operating procedures that would be taken in actual patrol situations. After setting up and testing the R.A.D.A.R. device, the student should be allowed time for at least 20 practice target readings for each applicable mode. Follow your State and local guidelines for certification.
It can be assumed that the R.A.D.A.R. device was working properly when a speed measurement was made if it can be shown that the R.A.D.A.R. device was working properly both before and after the measurement was made.
Moving R.A.D.A.R. uses these two speeds to determine the target vehicle’s speed. It measures the patrol vehicle’s speed relative to stationary terrain within the environment. The beam strikes the ground or objects beside the roadway and reflects to the R.A.D.A.R. This reflected signal undergoes a “low Doppler” shift.
The R.A.D.A.R. device translates the Doppler shift into a speed measurement. This speed measurement represents the relative speed of the two vehicles. The amount of this Doppler shift depends on the relative speeds of the two vehicles.
The amount of Doppler shift indicates the speed of the moving R.A.D.A.R. relative to the stationary ground. The greater off angle ground reflections, the greater the patrol and target speed error. This will be discussed further in Chapter 4: Effects.
With stationary R.A.D.A.R., the antenna can be aimed toward vehicles either approaching or going away from the R.A.D.A.R. When the antenna is aimed toward approaching traffic, the idea is to complete the speed measurement before the target vehicle reaches you.
This term refers to the ability of R.A.D.A.R. devices to continue tracking a target after the target speed has been locked. This enables the operator to continue to develop the tracking history.
It is not enough to offer in evidence the reading obtained from a speed-measuring device. It must be shown that the device was operating as designed when the reading was obtained.
Special rates have been negotiated at select hotels in Jacksonville for IPTM students. For more information, please visit our Locations/Lodging page or call us at (904) 620-4786.
This combined course will improve your knowledge of both RADAR and Laser speed measurement devices and give you the instructional tools to present RADAR and Laser training programs to other members of law enforcement.
Florida officers must be a RADAR/Laser operator for a minimum of three years and have successfully completed the FDLE instructor techniques courses prior to attending this class. This is also suggested for officers from other states.
In lieu of a refund, student substitutions can be made or a credit can be issued for a future course. No refunds will be given for no-shows. If materials for an online course were sent to the student, the appropriate materials and shipping costs will be deducted from the refund amount.
It is important to emphasize in your training that RADAR is merely a name for a method of using radio waves to detect objects. Just like the music radio in your car has different stations, so too does RADAR have different frequencies.
Perhaps the most common error in RADAR training has to do with the central story of the Doppler Principle. The vast majority of training refers to the man who conceived the Doppler Principle as “Christian Johann Doppler,” or “Johann Christian Doppler,” and state that his theory was developed while studying sound waves.
Aquilera (1979) which caused the court to raise reasonable doubt as to the accuracy of RADAR. What was conveniently left out in this story was how off-camera, a person with a high-powered CB Radio, placed in close proximity to the RADAR, was whistling while transmitting on a specific frequency.
Recently while training a new cadre of instructors, I found that nearly 79 percent of the class had no idea how to properly hold the tuning forks in front of the RADAR antenna. These were seasoned RADAR operators, some with decades of experience in RADAR. They had been training other new operators using the same incorrect technique for years. This highlights how long-standing training deficiencies have a ripple effect that can contaminate an entire department. Imagine the damage a defense attorney could do if he showed an operator did not even know how to properly test his RADAR. He would have just destroyed one of the pillars of “set up, test and operate.”
He would have just destroyed one of the pillars of “set up, test and operate.”. A book published in 1983 by MPH Industries, written by Thomas H. Stahl, called “Legal Basis for Use of Police RADAR” is an excellent resource for anyone looking to understand the history of where some long-taught RADAR effects originated.
Keep moving: Waze is unable to mark moving patrol vehicle locations, so whenever possible use moving RADAR. Another option is to sit at the exit of an infrequently used parking lot or side-street with your signal on. Other motorists will not mark your location since you appear to be leaving.