what is cross-cutting /life course

What is cross-cutting?

The crosscutting concepts of the NGSS are: Structure and function. Patterns, similarity and diversity. Cause and effect. Systems and system models. …

What is a cross cut in drama?

Cross-Cutting. Cross-cutting (also called split-screen) is a drama technique borrowed from the world of film editing, where two scenes are intercut to establish continuity. In drama and theatre the term is used to describe two or more scenes which are performed on stage at the same time. This makes it possible to juxtapose scenes or snippets of ...

What is the life course?

Sep 27, 2018 · Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park, Colorado. James Hutton’s observations related to uniformitarianism also serve as the basis for another important geologic principle called cross-cutting relationships, which is a technique used in relative age dating. In short an intrusive rock body is younger than the rocks it intrudes.

What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships?

1. Patterns Observed patterns in nature guide organization and classification and prompt questions about relationships and causes underlying them. 2. Cause and Effect Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimes multifaceted.

What are cross-cutting concepts?

Crosscutting Concepts. Crosscutting concepts have application across all domains of science. As such, they are a way of linking the different domains of science. They include patterns; cause and effect; scale, proportion, and quantity; systems and system models; energy and matter; structure and function; and stability and change.

What is a system in science?

A system is an organized group of related objects or components; models can be used for understanding and predicting the behavior of systems. 5. Energy and Matter. Tracking energy and matter flows, into, out of, and within systems helps one understand their system’s behavior. 6.

What is life course perspective?

The life course perspective has been applied to several areas of family inquiry in North America (particularly in the United States ), as well as inter-nationally. Although space limitations do not permit full coverage of this vast body of work, several studies are highlighted to illustrate recent applications of the approach. In the United States, researchers have adopted this framework to investigate: men's housework (Coltrane and Ishii-Kuntz 1992); the timing of marriage and military service (Call and Teachman 1996); work history and timing of marriage (Pittman and Blanchard 1996); families, delinquency and crime (Sampson and Laub 1993) as well as many other substantive areas (Price et al. 2000).

Why is the life course perspective important?

During this decade, rapid social change and population aging drew attention to historical influences and to the complexity of processes underlying family change and continuity. Advances in statistical techniques also prompted the continued growth of life course studies, including the creation of new methodologies to analyze longitudinal data.

What is life course theory?

Life course theory, more commonly termed the life course perspective, refers to a multidisciplinary paradigm for the study of people's lives, structural contexts, and social change. This approach encompasses ideas and observations from an array of disciplines, notably history, sociology, demography, developmental psychology, biology, and economics. In particular, it directs attention to the powerful connection between individual lives and the historical and socioeconomic context in which these lives unfold. As a concept, a life course is defined as "a sequence of socially defined events and roles that the individual enacts over time" (Giele and Elder 1998, p. 22). These events and roles do not necessarily proceed in a given sequence, but rather constitute the sum total of the person's actual experience. Thus the concept of life course implies age-differentiated social phenomena distinct from uniform life-cycle stages and the life span. Life span refers to duration of life and characteristics that are closely related to age but that vary little across time and place.

How does the past shape the future?

How the past shapes the future. Finally, another hallmark of this perspective is that early life course decisions, opportunities, and conditions affect later outcomes. The past, therefore, has the potential to shape the present and the future, which can be envisioned as a ripple or domino effect.

What is the meaning of life span?

Life span refers to duration of life and characteristics that are closely related to age but that vary little across time and place. In contrast, the life course perspective elaborates the importance of time, context, process, and meaning on human development and family life (Bengtson and Allen 1993).

What are the principles of life course?

They include: (1) socio-historical and geographical location; (2) timing of lives; (3) heterogeneity or variability; (4) "linked lives" and social ties to others; (5) human agency and personal control; and (6) how the past shapes the future.

What are the three types of time?

Three types of time are central to a life course perspective: individual time, generational time, and historical time (Price, McKenry, and Murphy 2000). Individual or ontogenetic time refers to chronological age.

What is the goal of studying the Grand Canyon?

Your goal is to study the smooth, parallel layers of rock to learn how the land built up over geologic time. Now imagine that you come upon a formation like this:

What is the law of superposition?

Once we assume that all rock layers were originally horizontal, we can make another assumption: that the oldest rock layers are furthest toward the bottom, and the youngest rock layers are closest to the top. This rule is called the Law of Superposition. Again, it's pretty obvious if you think about it. Say you have a layer of mud accumulating at the bottom of a lake. Then the lake dries up, and a forest grows in. More sediment accumulates from the leaf litter and waste of the forest, until you have a second layer. The forest layer is younger than the mud layer, right? And, the mud layer is older than the forest layer. When scientists look at sedimentary rock strata, they essentially see a timeline stretching backwards through history. The highest layers tell them what happened more recently, and the lowest layers tell them what happened longer ago.

How do geologists determine the age of rocks?

Geologists establish the age of rocks in two ways: numerical dating and relative dating. Numerical dating determines the actual ages of rocks through the study of radioactive decay. Relative dating cannot establish absolute age, but it can establish whether one rock is older or younger than another.

What is the principle of original horizontality?

It's called the Principle of Original Horizontality, and it just means what it sounds like: that all rock layers were originally horizontal.

How to determine relative age of rock?

Geologists can determine the relative age of rock beds or layers by looking at the arrangement of the rock beds/layers relative to each other. Relative age is a qualitative age, not a numerical age. For instance, you could say you are younger than your mother and this would be a relative age.

What are some examples of unconformity?

One famous example of an unconformity is the Great Unconformity of the Grand Canyon. It clearly shows the interface between two types of rock: the upper Tepetate sandstones and the Precambrian Wapiti shales underneath. The sandstones lie horizontally, just as they did when they were originally laid down.

What does rice represent?

The rice represents sediment that collects in the fold. The pencil could represent a magma intrusion into the rock layers. From oldest to youngest: the bottom cardboard layer, the middle cardboard layer, the top cardboard layer, the magma intrusion, the rice/sediment.

What is life course perspective?

The life course perspective is a sociological way of defining the process of life through the context of a culturally defined sequence of age categories that people are normally expected to pass through as they progress from birth to death.

What is life course theory?

Life course theory merges the concepts of historical inheritance with cultural expectation and personal development, which in turn sociologists study to map the course of human behavior given different social interaction and stimulation.

When was the life course concept first developed?

When the concept was first developed in the 1960s, the life course perspective hinged upon the rationalization of the human experience into structural, cultural and social contexts, pinpointing the societal cause for such cultural norms as marrying young or likelihood to commit a crime.