what is a logic course

The logic course makes you think and how to think about the world in inference deduction, evidence, correlation, causation, fallacies, bayesian math, good science bad science, misleading facts, propaganda, censorship, fraud, lies, truths half truths .When I first saw the logic facts-I did not know that logic meant all the above-it also means breaking apart peoples bad arguments and false beliefs.

Full Answer

Why should one take a course in logic?

This course is an introduction to Logic from a computational perspective. It shows how to encode information in the form of logical sentences; it shows how to reason with information in this form; and it provides an overview of logic technology and its applications - in mathematics, science, engineering, business, law, and so forth. Reset deadlines in accordance to your schedule.

What do you learn in a logic class?

The courses in logic at Harvard cover all of the major areas of mathematical logic—proof theory, recursion theory, model theory, and set theory—and, in addition, there are courses in closely related areas, such as the philosophy and foundations of mathematics, and theoretical issues in the theory of computation.

What can you learn from logic?

1. WHAT IS LOGIC? Logic may be defined as the science of reasoning. However, this is not to suggest that logic is an empirical (i.e., experimental or observational) science like physics, biology, or psychology. Rather, logic is a non-empirical science like mathematics. Also, in saying that logic is the science of reasoning, we do not mean

Why to study logic?

Sep 09, 2021 · Logic is a tool to develop reasonable conclusions based on a given set of data. Logic is free of emotion and deals very specifically with information in its purest form and can be applied to many...

What do you learn in a logic course?

Course Details Introduction to Logic will teach you the basics of formal logic, which provides symbolic methods for representing and assessing the logical form of arguments. You will develop an understanding of symbolic language and logic, as well as familiarity with precise models of deductive reasoning.

What kind of course is logic?

Course description A study of the most basic forms of reasoning and their linguistic expressions, this course provides an introduction to the traditional theory of syllogism, contemporary symbolic logic, the nature of scientific reasoning, and the relationship between logic and language.

Is logic a hard class?

Logic courses can be a very challenging but enjoyable class. Yes, whether you like the class matters, and students who enjoy logic puzzles will probably love diving into the depths of their homework and, later, LSAT formal logic.Feb 22, 2011

What does it mean to study logic?

correct reasoningLogic is the study of correct reasoning or good arguments. It is often defined in a more narrow sense as the science of deductively valid inferences or of logical truths. ... Logic is based on various fundamental concepts. It studies arguments, which are made up of a set of premises together with a conclusion.

What can I do with a logic degree?

Logic & Computation students go on to a wide range of careers and graduate work, including:Software engineering.Computer science.Cognitive science.Business analysts.Philosophy.

How can I learn logics?

Try to anticipate the outcome of your decisions.Spend time on creative hobbies. Creative outlets like drawing, painting, writing and playing music can stimulate the brain and help promote logical thinking. ... Practice questioning. ... Socialize with others. ... Learn a new skill. ... Try to anticipate the outcome of your decisions.Jun 9, 2021

How do you pass a logic class?

If you want to pass your logic class, you'll still need to do the basics: attend class, do your reading, and complete all the homework. If you are already afraid of the subject matter, avoiding it, will only make it harder.Dec 27, 2018

Is logic subject easy?

Logic is easy to learn, but tough to master. The basics are almost ridiculously intuitive. It doesn't matter if you start with syllogistic logic, set theory, or propositional calculus. It can, however, quickly get hairy.

Should I study logic?

Training ourselves to construct effective arguments and to spot weak ones is a skill that is useful in just about every field of endeavor, as well as in everyday life. It helps steer us in the direction of truth and away from falsehood.Sep 3, 2019

What are the 4 types of logic?

The four main types of logic are:Informal logic: Uses deductive and inductive reasoning to make arguments.Formal logic: Uses syllogisms to make inferences.Symbolic logic: Uses symbols to accurately map out valid and invalid arguments.Mathematical logic Uses mathematical symbols to prove theoretical arguments.Jun 24, 2021

What are the 3 main division of logic?

There are three divisions of the Logic: Being, Essence and the Notion (or Concept).Jun 11, 2019

What is an example of logic?

The definition of logic is a science that studies the principles of correct reasoning. An example of logic is deducing that two truths imply a third truth. An example of logic is the process of coming to the conclusion of who stole a cookie based on who was in the room at the time.

Structure

The courses in logic at Harvard cover all of the major areas of mathematical logic—proof theory, recursion theory, model theory, and set theory—and, in addition, there are courses in closely related areas, such as the philosophy and foundations of mathematics, and theoretical issues in the theory of computation.

Brown

An introduction to the 'limitative' theorems of deductive logic, including the undecidability of first-order logic, the Gödel incompleteness theorems, and the arithmetical undefinability of arithmetical truth. Intended as a sequel to PHIL 1630; previous participation in either that course or one of similar content is strongly recommended.

BU

The syntax and semantics of sentential and quantificational logic, culminating in the Gödel Completeness Theorem. The Gödel Incompleteness Theorem and its ramifications for computability and philosophy. Location TBD, TR 11-12:30.

1. Introduction to Logic by University of Stanford (Coursera)

In this course, you will look at logic from the perspective of computation. It will teach you how to encode information in the form of logical sentences. It walks you through reasoning with information in this form.

2. Logic Courses (Udemy)

Udemy’s logic courses examine the logic in the context of allied fields like Software engineering, Discrete mathematics, Philosophy, and Gaming. Logic In Philosophy: Logical Fallacies And Common Mistakes talks about ad hominem, misuse of political correctness, and blind spots and helps you perform better in debates.

3. Logic I (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

If you want to know more about logic in philosophy from a top institute in the world, this course offered by MIT Open CourseWare is one of your best options. The course revolves around the central aspects of modern formal logic. It thoroughly explores and explains what good reasoning constitutes.

4. Language, Proof and Logic (Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences)

This course talks about the concepts and techniques used in logic. Students get to participate in discussions on the proof and model theories of propositional and first-order logic. You will learn about the theory of truth and logical consequence based on FOL’s formal language.

5. Logical and Critical Thinking by the University of Auckland (FutureLearn)

This course gives you an opportunity to identify obstacles to effective thinking and improve your logical and critical thinking skills.

What is logic in science?

Logic is a tool to develop reasonable conclusions based on a given set of data. Logic is free of emotion and deals very specifically with information in its purest form. There are many subsets in the study of logic including informal logic, formal logic, symbolic logic, and mathematical logic. We will discuss each type of logic ...

What is mathematical logic?

Mathematical Logic. Mathematical logic takes the concepts of formal logic and symbolic logic and applies mathematical thinking to them. Mathematical logic is often used in proof theory, set theory, model theory, and recursion theory. Proof theory is, quite logically, the study of formal proofs. Sets of propositions can be used to conclude new ...

What is formal logic?

Formal logic deals with deductive reasoning and the validity of the inferences produced. For an argument to work, the conclusion must logically follow the premises and the premises must be true. For example:

What is the opposite of deductive reasoning?

Another type of logical reasoning is inductive. Inductive reasoning uses specific data to form a larger, generalized conclusion. It is considered the opposite of deductive reasoning. For example: Yesterday, you left for work at 7:15 a.m. and arrived at work on time.

Is English professor boring?

You may have noticed some problems with these examples. All English professors are certainly not boring and traffic patterns are not always the same (especially if you have to drive past a major shopping area at Christmas time to get to work).

What is proof theory?

Proof theory is, quite logically, the study of formal proofs. Sets of propositions can be used to conclude new relationships. Set theory studies 'sets,' which are collections of objects. Model theory studies these sets and other mathematical structures. Recursion theory deals with the definability of sets of numbers.

Is every A a B?

In formal logic, this type of inference would be represented thusly: Every A is a B. Some Cs are As. Therefore, some Cs are Bs. No matter what premise is used to represent the variables A, B, and C, as long as that premise is true, the conclusion some Cs are Bs will always follow.

Course Description

In this course we will cover central aspects of modern formal logic, beginning with an explanation of what constitutes good reasoning. Topics will include validity and soundness of arguments, formal derivations, truth-functions, translations to and from a formal language, and truth-tables.

Course Collections

Ephraim Glick. 24.241 Logic I. Fall 2009. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare, https://ocw.mit.edu. License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA.

Which argument claims the conclusion is probably true based upon the premises Strong?

Inductive Argument: Claims the conclusion is probably true based upon the premises Strong: The sun has risen in the East for thousands upon thousands of mornings. So it will rise in the East tomorrow morning

What does it mean when an argument does not follow from the premises with necessity?

If the conclusion of such an argument does in fact follow with necessity, we say the argument is a good (correct) one and if the conclusion does not follow from the premises with necessity, we say that the argument is a bad (incorrect) one. When we say that the conclusion follows from the premises with necessity in a correct deductive argument, we mean that this conclusion is not just probably true, but must be true, that it cannot fail to be true, if the premises were true. When the conclusion does follow necessarily from the premises, we say that this deductive argument is valid.

What are the two types of arguments?

Arguments are usually divided into two primary kinds: inductive arguments (inductions) which are based upon inductive reasoning and deductive arguments ( deductions) which are based upon deductive reasoning. Needless to say, then, we must distinguish these two kinds of arguments. But we must keep in mind that both are arguments. What is common to both kinds of reasoning is that conclusions are claimed to follow from premises. If the conclusions do follow, then the arguments are good ones, and if not, they are bad ones. The distinction between inductions and deductions, then, will turn on two different senses in which conclusions are said to follow from premises.

How many conclusions can an argument have?

An argument can have several premises, but only one conclusion. We count arguments by counting conclusions, that is, every argument has only one conclusion. In addition, there is nothing intrinsic to a particular proposition that makes it either a premise or a conclusion. The sole determination of whether a particular proposition is a premise or a conclusion is its role in the argument. Indeed, the same proposition can be the conclusion of one argument and a premise in another. Again, if a proposition is playing a support role, it is a premise; if it is playing the role of being supported then it is a conclusion.

Is an induction a weak or strong argument?

In appraising an inductive argument, we will accordingly say that it is either weak or strong —depending on how likely it is that the truth of the conclusion follows from the premises. It should be clear from this definition that the truth of the premises in an inductive argument is not taken to guarantee the truth of its conclusion. Rather, the premises are offered as evidence in support of the claim that the conclusion is probably true. With this definition in mind, it should be obvious that the following argument is an induction:

Is the cat on the mat a proposition?

As you may be realizing by now, when it comes to defining terms there is always room for confusion. To avoid one such confusion, you need to be careful to distinguish a proposition from a sentence. Propositions are usually expressed in sentences, but not every sentence necessarily expresses a proposition. Clearly the declarative sentence, “The cat is on the mat,” expresses a proposition, for what it asserts (its propositional content) is either true or false, depending of course on whether the cat is or is not on the mat. But consider the interrogative sentence “Is the cat on the mat?” This sentence does not assert anything, so it cannot be either true or false, and hence it cannot count as asserting a proposition. And the same can be said for other sentences in other grammatical forms, for example, the exclamation “Help!” Clearly a cry for help is neither true nor false; hence this sentence does not express a proposition.

How to do formal logic?

Learning Outcomes. At the end of the course, students will be able to: 1 Represent information in symbolic forms, notably the formal languages of categorical, propositional, and predicate logic. 2 Interpret and evaluate formalized arguments by means of formal semantic and deductive models, notably, Venn diagrams, truth tables, and formal deductive systems. 3 Calculate complex probabilities on the basis of the eight mathematical axioms of the probability calculus and Bayes’ Theorem. 4 Identify and evaluate assumptions in both inductive and deductive reasoning as they appear in our daily experience. 5 Express an understanding of the fundamental concepts of deductive (categorical, propositional, and predicate) logic and probability theory including: formal language, Boolean operator, truth table, quantification, class , argument, validity, proof, probability , and Bayes’ Theorem .

What is predicate logic?

Predicate logic (a.k.a. first-order logic) extends propositional logic to arguments that depend on the linguistic phenomena of predication (e.g., “Socrates is a philosopher”) and quantification (e.g., “ All prime numbers except 2 are odd”). Predicate logic arose in the 19th century originally to aid in the clarification ...

What are the three types of deductive reasoning?

Our study of deductive reasoning will consist in the development of three different logical systems: categorical logic, propositional logic, and predicate logic . Categorical logic (a.k.a. syllogistic logic) — which formed the basis of logic for over two thousand years — is the study of arguments whose constituent sentences express certain relations between classes (or categories) of things. Propositional logic (a.k.a. Boolean logic) is the study of arguments that depend on the a number of important sentence-connecting expressions in ordinary language like and, or , and not — expressions whose logic also lies at the foundation of modern computer systems. Predicate logic (a.k.a. first-order logic) extends propositional logic to arguments that depend on the linguistic phenomena of predication (e.g., “Socrates is a philosopher”) and quantification (e.g., “ All prime numbers except 2 are odd”). Predicate logic arose in the 19th century originally to aid in the clarification of mathematical arguments but has since extended its reach considerably into the fields of (notably) philosophy, linguistics, and artificial intelligence. To study these various logical systems, we develop in each case an appropriate formal language — a rigorously defined symbolic system — for representing a relevant class of natural language sentences. We then introduce a variety of mathematical methods for evaluating arguments that are formalized in the relevant formal language, notably, Venn diagrams (for categorical logic), truth tables (for propositional logic), and formal deductive systems (for both propositional and predicate logic).

How long does it take to make up a missed exam?

NB: Missed exams/quizzes must be made up within one week of the scheduled exam/quiz unless circumstances do not permit it. In such cases, your instructor must be notified as soon as circumstances permit to discuss your situation.

When can students be excused from class?

Students will be excused from attending class on the day of a graded activity or when attendance contributes to a student’s grade, for the reasons stated in Student Rule 7, or other reason deemed appropriate by the instructor.

Is Texas A&M a safe place to study?

Texas A&M University is committed to fostering a learning environment that is safe and productive for all. University policies and federal and state laws prohibit gender-based discrimination and sexual harassment, including sexual assault, sexual exploitation, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking.

Can you make up missed exams?

It is of course possible to make-up missed exams and quizzes. However, with few exceptions, make-ups will be provided only in cases of university sanctioned absences, notably, illness, family emergencies, and authorized university activities.

What is logic in math?

Logic is a systematic way of thinking that allows us to deduce new information from old information and to parse the meanings of sentences. You use logic informally in everyday life and certainly also in doing mathematics. For example, suppose you are working with a certain circle, call it “Circle X,” and you have available the following two pieces of information.

Why is logic important?

There are three very significant reasons. First, the truth tables we studied tell us the exact meanings of the words such as “and,” “or,” “not,” and so on. For instance, whenever we use or read the “If…, then” construction in a mathematical context, logic tells us exactly what is meant. Second, the rules of inference provide a system in which we can produce new information (statements) from known information. Finally, logical rules such as DeMorgan’s laws help us correctly change certain statements into (potentially more useful) statements with the same meaning. Thus logic helps us understand the meanings of statements and it also produces new meaningful statements.

What is a statement in logic?

The study of logic begins with statements. A statement is a sentence or a mathematical expression that is either definitely true or definitely false. You can think of statements as pieces of information that are either correct or incorrect. Thus statements are pieces of information that we might apply logic to in order to produce other pieces of information (which are also statements).

What is the negation of R?

Given a statement R, the statement ∼ R is called the negation of R. If R is a complex statement, then it is often the case that its negation ∼ R can be written in a simpler or more useful form. The process of finding this form is called negating R. In proving theorems it is often necessary to negate certain statements. We now investigate how to do this.

Is Q a statement?

Since it is neither definitely true nor definitely false, Q ( x) cannot be a statement. A sentence such as this, whose truth depends on the value of one or more variables, is called an open sentence.

Introduction to Logic by University of Stanford

• In this course, you will look at logic from the perspective of computation. It will teach you how to encode information in the form of logical sentences. It walks you through reasoning with information in this form. You will learn what logic technology is, and examine its applications in mathematics, science, engineering, business, law, and so forth. Key USPs- – The University of St…

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Logic Courses

Logic I

Language, Proof and Logic

Logical and Critical Thinking by The University of Auckland