A bibliography is a necessary section for most college research papers. Basically, a bibliography is a list of all the sources you use to write the paper or essay. You list these sources in a certain format and place them at the end of the paper.
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Double space your bibliography and indent approximately a half-inch each line after the first line of each source.
List all of the authors for each of your sources. Alphabetize the authors by last name.
Type the last name, a comma and the first name. For works with multiple authors, type the first author's last name first, and the rest of the authors in standard format. Place commas between each author, and type a period at the end. For example, type "Smith, John, Steve Jones, Ted Parker."
Type the name of the book underlined or the name of the article in quotation marks, followed by a period.
Add the city where the book was published, a colon, the publishing company, a comma, the year the book was published and a period.
Add the date you accessed the article online if it was found on the Internet. Then add the URL for the source in brackets, followed by a period. For example, type "4 April 2009 http://www.source.com ."
Most often, when the word 'bibliography' is used in an academic setting it's referring to a list of sources used by the author to inform their work on a given topic. This means that you're going to include all the works ...
The first major reason for using a bibliography is to inform your reader on how widely you researched the topic on which you're writing. While you may cite only seven or eight sources within a paper, you may have read 25, 50, or even 100 different books, journal articles, or scholarly websites in finding those sources.
An enumerative bibliography is a list of sources that were consulted, simply citing them in a proper format. The third type of bibliography is a list of works published during a particular time in history - that's called a period bibliography. These are often used in anthropological, historical, or cultural research.
A bibliography is a list of books, scholarly articles, speeches, private records, diaries, interviews, laws, letters, websites, and other sources you use when researching a topic and writing a paper. The bibliography appears at the end.
The main purpose of a bibliography entry is to give credit to authors whose work you've consulted in your research. It also makes it easy for a reader to find out more about your topic by delving into the research that you used to write your paper. In the academic world, papers aren't written in a vacuum; academic journals are ...
Do I need a bibliography? If you read any articles or books in preparing your paper , you need a bibliography or footnotes. If you cite the arguments of “critics” and “supporters,” even if you don’t name them or quote them directly, you are likely referring to information you read in books or articles as opposed to information you’ve gathered ...
If you use footnotes to identify the source of your material or the authors of every quote, you DO NOT need a bibliography, UNLESS there are materials to which you do not refer directly (or if you refer to additional sections of the materials you already referenced) that also helped you reach your conclusions.
How to cite sources in the text. In-text citations alert readers to cited material and tell them exactly where to go and look. These citations work in conjunction with a bibliography. Usually, an in-text citation is a combination of a name (usually the author’s) and a number (either a year, a page number, or both).
Usually, an in-text citation is a combination of a name (usually the author’s) and a number (either a year, a page number, or both). For Internet sources, use the original publication date, not your retrieval date. Internet sources also do not have page numbers, so use your discretion in the format that will direct the reader closest to ...
A bibliography is a list of all of the sources you have used (whether referenced or not) in the process of researching your work. In general, a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources. the dates your copies were published.
In general, a bibliography should include: the authors' names. the titles of the works. the names and locations of the companies that published your copies of the sources. the dates your copies were published. the page numbers of your sources (if they are part of multi-source volumes)
An annotated bibliography is the same as a bibliography with one important difference: in an annotated bibliography, the bibliographic information is followed by a brief description of the content, quality, and usefulness of the source.
A bibliography is an alphabetized list of all the sources used in the paper. This list is found at the end of the work and allows the reader to verify the veracity of the statements and/or figures presented in the essay. It also allows a writer to give proper credit for quotes or key phrases so as to avoid plagiarism.
An annotated bibliography is a bibliography with a short note by the author explaining the significance of the source. The MLA format generally calls for a works cited list, whereas a bibliography or annotated bibliography may be preferable in Chicago and Turabian styles.
Despite the varying terms, the difference between a bibliography, an annotated bibliography and a works cited page is simple. A works cited page is a list of every work cited in the text of your paper. A bibliography is a list of every work you used while writing your paper, whether or not it was specifically cited.
Bibliography for Interviews. If you are citing a personal interview - that is, one you conducted yourself - the citation structure is simple. Include the name of the interviewee, last name first, then “Personal interview,” and the date the interview was conducted. The result should look like this: Subject, Anne.
University of Chicago or Turabian style are two names for the same format. Following The Chicago Manual of Style, this bibliography style is commonly used in the study of business, history and the fine arts.
When you are citing an online source, do your best to include the following: the author, the title of the article or page, the name of the website, the website publisher (if available), the date of publication, and the specific web address or URL.
Plagiarism involves both intentional and unintentional copying of someone else's ideas and written work. Because plagiarism is a serious offense that could have serious academic repercussions, ...
The in-text citation identifies the source and points the reader to the works cited list, found following the document. Generally, the in-text citation should include the author's last name and the pages of the cited information, and you should place it immediately after the quoted or paraphrased text.
The Chicago Manual of Style citation format is used in the natural and social sciences as well as humanities documents. When writing something that you will publish, CMS style is the standard. CMS style requires a superscript number after quoted or paraphrased text. Number each citation sequentially throughout the document.
Because plagiarism is a serious offense that could have serious academic repercussions, it's important to avoid it. Even unintentional plagiarism can carry a stiff penalty. Understanding plagiarism and its consequences is the first step to avoiding this mistake.
The American Psychological Association style is the preferred style for science and social science documents. APA style stipulates double-spacing with one-inch margins on all four sides of the document. The preferred typeface for APA style is 12-point Times New Roman.
AMA. When writing medical documents or research, the American Medical Association style may be required. AMA style requires numerical citation of each source in the body of the document. Place the numbers outside of any commas or periods and inside any semicolons or colons.
A fundamental difference between CMS and Turabian styles involves publication. CMS is generally for published works, and Turabian style serves works that will not be published. Citations in Turabian style are generally the same as CMS style.
Courses are made up of individual sessions, typically on a fixed weekly schedule. There are different formats of course in universities: the tutorial course, where one or a small number of students work on a topic and meet with the instructor weekly for discussion and guidance.
In higher education in various countries, such as Canada, Israel, Nigeria and the United States, a course is a unit of teaching that typically lasts one academic term, is led by one or more instructors ( teachers or professors ), and has a fixed roster of students. A course usually covers an individual subject.
There are different formats of course in universities: 1 the lecture course, where the instructor gives lectures with minimal interaction; 2 the seminar, where students prepare and present their original written work for discussion and critique; 3 the colloquium or reading course, where the instructor assigns readings for each session which are then discussed by the members; 4 the tutorial course, where one or a small number of students work on a topic and meet with the instructor weekly for discussion and guidance. 5 the Directed Individual Study course, where a student requests to create and title an area of study for themselves which is more concentrated and in-depth than a standard course. It is directed under a tenured faculty member and approved by a department chair or possibly the dean within that specific college; 6 the laboratory course, where most work takes place in a laboratory.
Courses generally have a fixed program of sessions every week during the term, called lessons or classes. Students may receive a grade and academic credit after completion of the course. In India, the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, as well as parts of Canada, a course is the entire programme of studies required to complete ...
Laboratory courses often combine lectures, discussion sections, and laboratory sessions. Students are expected to do various kinds of work for a course: Attending course sessions. Reading and studying course readings assigned in the course syllabus. Discussing material they have read.
An elective course is one chosen by a student from a number of optional subjects or courses in a curriculum, as opposed to a required course which the student must take. While required courses (sometimes called "core courses" or "general education courses") are deemed essential for an academic degree, elective courses tend to be more specialized. Elective courses usually have fewer students than the required courses.
Courses are time-limited in most universities worldwide, lasting anywhere between several weeks to several semesters. They can either be compulsory material or "elective". An elective is usually not a required course, but there are a certain number of non-specific electives that are required for certain majors.