As you probably realize by now, most theories and discussions of socialization concern childhood. However, socialization continues throughout the several stages of the life course, most commonly categorized as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age.
Social location in society—social class, race and ethnicity, and gender—affects how well people fare during the stages of the life course. Adams, E. J. (2010).
Key Takeaways The four stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. What happens during childhood may have lifelong consequences. Social location in society—social class, race and ethnicity, and gender—affects how well people fare during the stages of the life course.
Traumatic experiences and other negative events during childhood may impair psychological well-being in adolescence and beyond and lead to various behavioral problems. Social location in society—social class, race and ethnicity, and gender—affects how well people fare during the stages of the life course.
Though it starts in infancy, people are continuously gaining the practices and skills necessary to participate in society. They adapt to new roles and expectations. Socialization occurs throughout childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age. These categories are generally known as life course stages.
How do social roles develop? People use different social roles throughout each day based on different social expectations.
People also bring about changes simply by moving from one place to another. Migrations of people within a country can cause social changes, such as the loss of regional distinction within the country. Social and cultural changes also result from changes in the average age of a population.
STUDY. Sociology definition of Lifecourse. an expression denoting an individual's passage through life, analyzed as a sequence of significant life-events, including birth, marriage, parenthood, divorce and retirement.
social roles. refers to the expected behaviors and attitudes that come with one's position in society. a way in which adult development is studied. by examining the succession of. social roles that adults typically occupy over the years.
Socialization is the process through which people are taught to be proficient members of a society. It describes the ways that people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society's beliefs, and to be aware of societal values.
Social change. the transformation of culture and social institutions over time. collective behavior. behavior that follows from the formation of a group or crowd of people who take action together toward a shared goal.
Major sources of social change include population growth and composition, culture and technology, the natural environment, and social conflict. Cultural lag refers to a delayed change in one sector of society in response to a change in another sector of society.
Sociologists define social change as changes in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions. These changes occur over time and often have profound and long-term consequences for society.
Life course theory argues that specific events in one's life motivate one to desist from crimes, and this eventually prompts an individual to lead a normal life.
Overview. The life course approach examines an individual's life history and investigates, for example, how early events influenced future decisions and events such as marriage and divorce, engagement in crime, or disease incidence.
Several fundamental principles characterize the life course approach. They include: (1) socio-historical and geographical location; (2) timing of lives; (3) heterogeneity or variability; (4) "linked lives" and social ties to others; (5) human agency and personal control; and (6) how the past shapes the future.
However, socialization continues throughout the several stages of the life course, most commonly categorized as childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age . Within each of these categories, scholars further recognize subcategories, such as early adolescence and late adolescence, early adulthood and middle adulthood, and so forth.
The four stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Socialization continues throughout all these stages. What happens during childhood may have lifelong consequences. Traumatic experiences and other negative events during childhood may impair psychological well-being in adolescence and beyond ...
Because their influence “rubs off,” early maturers get into trouble more often and are again more likely to also become victims of violence. Romantic relationships, including the desire to be in such a relationship, also matter greatly during adolescence. Wishful thinking, unrequited love, and broken hearts are common.
Childhood. Despite increasing recognition of the entire life course, childhood (including infancy) certainly remains the most important stage of most people’s lives for socialization and for the cognitive, emotional, and physiological development that is so crucial during the early years of anyone’s life.
Adulthood is usually defined as the 18–64 age span. Obviously, 18-year-olds are very different from 64-year-olds, which is why scholars often distinguish young adults from middle-age adults. In a way, many young adults, including most readers of this book, delay entrance into “full” adulthood by going to college after high school and, for some, then continuing to be a student in graduate or professional school. By the time the latter obtain their advanced degree, many are well into their 30s, and they finally enter the labor force full time perhaps a dozen years after people who graduate high school but do not go on to college. These latter individuals may well marry, have children, or both by the time they are 18 or 19, while those who go to college and especially those who get an advanced degree may wait until their late 20s or early to mid-30s to take these significant steps.
Here we will just indicate that old age can be a fulfilling time of life for some people but one filled with anxiety and problems for other people, with social location (social class, race and ethnicity, and gender) once again often making a considerable difference.
As many readers may remember, adolescence can be a very challenging time. Teenagers are no longer mere children, but they are not yet full adults . They want their independence, but parents and teachers keep telling them what to do. Peer pressure during adolescence can be enormous, and tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use become a serious problem for many teens.