what are the potential effects on women who have undergone hormonetherapy (ht)? course hero

The more serious health concerns for women undergoing hormone therapy (HT) include: Hormone therapy (HT) increases the risk of vein clots in the legs (deep vein thrombosis) and blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolus) by about 2 or 3 fold. However, it is important to remember that these conditions are extremely rare in healthy women.

Full Answer

What are the health risks of hormone therapy (HT)?

The more serious health concerns for women undergoing hormone therapy (HT) include: Hormone therapy (HT) increases the risk of vein clots in the legs ( deep vein thrombosis) and blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolus) by about 2 or 3 fold. However, it is important to remember that these conditions are extremely rare in healthy women.

Should women take hormone therapy (HT) to prevent heart disease?

Women should not be taking hormone therapy (HT) to prevent heart disease, and should initiate hormone therapy (HT) only with caution if they already have been diagnosed with coronary artery disease (such as past heart attack), as hormone therapy (HT) may be increase the risk of heart attacks.

Is oral hormone therapy harmful to women's health?

Users of oral hormone therapy (HT) (in the doses of the Women's Health Initiative) for more than five years are at slightly increased risk of breast cancer, heart disease, and stroke than are nonusers.

Does hormone therapy increase breast cancer risk?

Because of the possibility of increased breast cancer, stroke, and heart disease risks, women who have no major menopause symptoms may choose to avoid hormone therapy (HT). The effects of other types of hormone therapy (HT) (aside from the Women's Health Initiative types) on breast cancer risk are still unclear.

What are the effects of hormonal therapy?

Hormone therapy side effects can include vaginal dryness, discharge, itching, or irritation. It can also cause changes to the menstrual cycle and cause vaginal bleeding that is not related to a period. Hot flashes and night sweats. Hot flashes are very common for people receiving hormone therapy.

What does hormone therapy do to a woman?

Hormone replacement therapy is medication that contains female hormones. You take the medication to replace the estrogen that your body stops making during menopause. Hormone therapy is most often used to treat common menopausal symptoms, including hot flashes and vaginal discomfort.

What are some of the risks associated with female hormone replacement therapy?

What are the risks of taking hormone therapy (HT)?An increased risk of endometrial cancer (only if you still have your uterus and are not taking a progestin along with estrogen).Increased risk of blood clots and stroke.Increased chance of gallbladder/gallstone problems.More items...•

Which is a serious potential side effect related to estrogen therapy?

Hormone replacement therapy may increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, breast cancer, and blood clots in the lungs and legs.

What are the benefits of taking hormone replacement therapy?

What Are the Benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy?Relieve hot flashes and night sweats.Help you sleep better.Ease vaginal dryness and itching.Make sex less painful.

What are the effects of female hormones on males?

Libido changes: Estrogen can reduce a person's libido, erectile function, and ejaculation. Medications such as sildenafil (Viagra) and tadalafil (Cialis) may improve a person's ability to have an erection.

How does estrogen affect the body?

In addition to regulating the menstrual cycle, estrogen affects the reproductive tract, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, mucous membranes, pelvic muscles, and the brain.

Which of the following is a potential side effect of hormone replacement therapy?

bloating. breast tenderness or swelling. swelling in other parts of the body. feeling sick.

What happens when a woman takes estrogen?

Estrogen increases your risk of blood clots, which can cause a stroke, a heart attack, and even death. Cancer. Estrogen may increase your risk of certain cancers, specifically breast cancer. Talk with a doctor about your personal health history, your family history, and your risk of breast cancer.

What are the adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy?

This article reviews epidemiological data on potential adverse effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, on the risk of stroke, and on the risk of venous and pulmonary thromboembolism.

How much does HRT increase the risk of breast cancer?

As for the potential adverse effects on cancer risk, most information on HRT and breast cancer is included in a re-analysis of individual data from 51 epidemiological studies (including over 90% of the world's data), showing a 2.3% increase of the relative risk of breast cancer for each year of use which, however, levels off after stopping use.

How long does estrogen affect endometrial cancer?

Unopposed estrogen use is strongly related to endometrial cancer risk mainly in lean women, but the cyclic combined oestrogen-progestin treatment appears to largely or totally reduce this effect if progestin is taken for more than 10 days per cycle.

Is HRT associated with stroke?

As for other adverse effects of HRT, the relationship between HRT and stroke is still debated, although any strong and consistent association can be excluded. Current HRT use, but not past use, is associated with venous and pulmonary thromboembolism.

Why do you need estrogen after a hysterectomy?

Reasons to add a progestogen to an estrogen-only therapy regimen after hysterectomy include the need to reduce the risk for unopposed estrogen-dependent conditions , chief among which are endometriosis or endometrial neoplasia.

What happens when you have a bilateral oophorectomy?

When a bilateral oophorectomy is performed before natural menopause, the onset of menopausal symptoms, primarily vasomotor symptoms, genital tract atrophy, and/or a decline in sexual function, is rapid, and the symptoms are more severe. Thus, the need for a decision on the use of hormone therapy is accelerated.

Can you use hormone therapy after a hysterectomy?

After hysterectomy, for most patients, current literature results favor not including a progestogen.

Can you use menopausal hormones without a uterus?

The decision to use or not use menopausal hormone therapy in women without a uterus should involve an individualized risk/benefit analysis just as it should when the uterus is present. After hysterectomy, for most patients, current literature results favor not including a progestogen. Data suggest a …. Options for hormone therapy in women who have ...

Why is testosterone used in a female to male transition?

Testosterone is used in a female-to-male transition to allow for lowering of the voice, male pattern hair growth, atrophy of the ovaries, and muscle and fat redistribution.10 It is also associated with the maintenance of bone density.

What are the barriers to transgender health?

Overcoming barriers. The lack of knowledge about transgender health is the most significant barrier to their care; oral health-care professionals must strive to educate physicians and health-care providers about the implications on oral health in those undergoing a transition.

Why are transgender people at a higher risk of disease, infection, and inflammation?

The study identified that transgender individuals are at a higher risk of disease, infection, and inflammation due to hormone alterations, stress, anxiety, social isolation, and lack of care.

What is the term for a person who does not conform to the sex they were assigned at birth?

The term transgender “is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, expression, or behavior does not conform with the sex they were assigned at birth.”5 To aid these individuals in their transitions from male to female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM), physicians often provide hormone therapy.

Is the transgender population underserved?

In terms of health care, the transgender population is underserved and experiences discrimination. These factors prevent patients from seeking care. Additionally, hormone therapy used during the transition process could have severe implications for dental health. The purpose of this literature review is to establish a link between ...

Is testosterone taken by transgender people?

As the transgender population continues to grow, it is essential to continue to research this topic. Testosterone, illustrated here, is taken by some patients undergoing gender transition and can negatively affect periodontal disease progression. In terms of health care, the transgender population is underserved and experiences discrimination.

Can transgender people get periodontitis?

For the health of those transitioning, a potential connection between the prevalence of periodontitis in transgender individuals must be made so those undergoing the transition process can receive the best dental care and ensure that all oral health providers can advocate for their health needs. 1.

Why Women Undergo Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the second most performed surgical procedure (following cesarean section for pregnancies) for women in the United States. The Centers for Disease and Prevention (CDC) reports that about 600,000 hysterectomies are done annually, with one-third of women having done the surgery by the age of 60.

Feel Like The True You With Hormone Replacement Therapy Today

Hormones determine so much of the way we look, feel, and act, which is why caring for your essential hormone levels is crucial to being the best you can be. RevitalizeYou MD can help you with all your hormone needs; contact us today to learn more.

What to Expect After a Hysterectomy

Before identifying how to remove the uterus, the doctor must determine the type of hysterectomy needed by the patient:

Hormone Replacement Therapy After Hysterectomy for Postmenopausal Women

Postmenopausal patients who receive hysterectomies are at risk for possible major health problems and may require further invasive surgeries if estrogen levels are not managed. Some of the rare but serious negative effects that come with hysterectomy after menopause are:

Understanding Hormone Replacement Therapy

The best course of treatment to relieve the negative side effects and symptoms of hysterectomy for postmenopausal women is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). Nowadays, it’s better known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and is a popular treatment for women with low hormone levels.

Learn More About Hormone Replacement Therapy at Revitalize You MD

Hysterectomies and menopause can cause drastic changes to the hormones in the body. These negative side effects can greatly impact the way of living and may even cause severe health problems for a postmenopausal woman.

Feel Like The True You With Hormone Replacement Therapy Today

Hormones determine so much of the way we look, feel, and act, which is why caring for your essential hormone levels is crucial to being the best you can be. RevitalizeYou MD can help you with all your hormone needs; contact us today to learn more.