Caseous necrosis, which commonly results from tuberculous pulmonary infection, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis. The other types of necrosis are not observed in pulmonary tuberculosis.
Subdural hematomas can be the result of blows, falls, or sudden acceleration-deceleration of the head , which occurs in the shaken baby syndrome. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura and is almost always associated with a skull fracture.
Anaplasia. ANS: B. Metaplasia is the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another, sometimes a less differentiated cell type. The best example of metaplasia is the replacement of normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchial (airway) lining by stratified squamous epithelial cells.
Amino acids, which are transferred from the cells to the bloodstream. ANS: A. Excessive storage of iron, which is transferred to the cells from the bloodstream, causes hemo protein accumulations in cells. Hemoglobin, albumin, or amino acids will not cause hemoprotein accumulations.
Pathologic hyperplasia is the abnormal proliferation of normal cells and can occur as a response to excessive hormonal stimulation or the effects of growth factors on target cells (see Figure 2-4). The other options do not accurately identify the term for the results of excessive hormonal stimulation on cells.
Not all the mechanisms causing chemical-induced membrane destruction are known; however, the only two general mechanisms currently accepted include: (1) direct toxicity by combining with a molecular component of the cell membrane or organelles, and (2) reactive free radicals and lipid peroxidation.
Normally, the presence of ATP and ATPase, the active-transport enzyme, maintains the pump that transports sodium ions out of the cell.