In Part 2, I discussed how to create a simple list with serial commas and when to use semicolons in a list of items with internal commas. Today, I show how lowercase letters may be used as well.
In Part 2, I discussed how to create a simple list with serial commas and when to use semicolons in a list of items with internal commas. Today, I show how lowercase letters may be used as well.
Because tables and figures supplement the text, refer in the text to all tables and figures used and explain what the reader should look for when using the table or figure. Focus only on the important point the reader should draw from them, and leave the details for the reader to examine on their own.
If using tables from an external source, copy the structure of the original exactly, and cite the source in accordance with APA style.
Column spanners are headings that describe entries below them, applying to two or more columns which each have their own column heading. Column spanners are often stacked on top of column headings and together are called decked heads.
To indicate specific notes, use superscript lowercase letters (e.g. a , b , c ), and order the superscripts from left to right, top to bottom. Each table’s first footnote must be the superscript a.
Table Spanners cover the entire width of the table, allowing for more divisions or combining tables with identical column headings. They are the only type of heading that may be plural.
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resources for the older APA 6 style can be found at this page as well as at this page (our old resources covered the material on this page on two separate pages).
Titles. Like the title of the paper itself, each table must have a clear and concise title. Titles should be written in italicized title case below the table number , with a blank line between the number and the title. When appropriate, you may use the title to explain an abbreviation parenthetically.
To form the plural of abbreviations, add s alone without apostrophe or italicization.
Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here.
Exceptions: Use a period when abbreviating the United States as an adjective (U.S. Air Force or U.S. President)
Citations should be as condensed as possible, so you should know the basic rules of abbreviation endorsed by the APA to provide your readers with reference information.
Do not use periods when abbreviating measurements: Exception: Use a period when abbreviating inch (in.) to avoid confusion. Units of measurement and statistical abbreviations should only be abbreviated when accompanied by numerical values: Only certain units of time should be abbreviated.
Exceptions: Standard abbreviations like units of measurement and states do not need to be written out. APA also allows abbreviations that appear as words in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary to be used without explanation (IQ, HIV, RNA, CIA, UNESCO).
Yeah, see E. E. Cummings, who wrote his name with and without capitals and his signature included capitals. The all-lowercase version was preferred by publishers for design purposes.
It’s passive-aggressive and control-freakish when you insist that other people must adhere to your idiosyncrasy in their own writing.
I say just use the proper capitalization and let the self-important person be peeved about it. A person can’t just declare that her name is not subject to conventional rules. If someone asked that I always dot the I in their name with a smiley face or a heart, I wouldn’t comply with that either.
I agree with Vinyl Turnip: ALWAYS WRITE THE NAME IN ALL CAPS.
I guess people can choose what their names are supposed to be, although I would agree that in this case it’s a little eccentric (but see “e.e. cummings”).
Capitalization is not an arbitrary rule, it is there to help understanding. The classic example: “I had to help my uncle Jack off his horse.”. Those who insist they are not subject to conventional capitalization rules are looking for an attention grabbing hook. Good for them.