two theories in this course address "maintenance". what are they?

What is management theory in business?

According to this theory most societies find that healthy balance and maintain it; if they don’t then they collapse as many have in the history of the world. Equilibrium is the state of balance maintained by social processes that help society adjust and compensate for forces that might tilt it onto a path of destruction .

What is a middle range theory in nursing?

Theories and models both include concepts and constructs. Concepts are the primary components . of a model or theory. Constructs are components that have been created for use in a specific model or theory. These terms are important to understand when discussing models and theories (Glanz, Rimer, & Lewis, 2002).

What are the 3 theories on Employee Relations?

Good leadership is an essential element of any business in any industry. Good leaders can make or break a department, team, or an entire company. There are a wide variety of theories about leadership and understanding these can help you be even more effective and impactful for your organization. Learn about several leadership theories and see how they can impact your …

What are the four major concepts of nursing theory?

Jul 08, 2021 · Descriptive theories are the first level of theory development. They describe the phenomena and identify its properties and components in which it occurs. Descriptive theories are not action-oriented or attempt to produce or change a situation. There are two types of descriptive theories: factor-isolating theory and explanatory theory.

What are behavioral change models and theories?

Whereas models of behavior are more diagnostic and geared towards understanding the psychological factors that explain or predict a specific behavior, theories of change are more process-oriented and generally aimed at changing a given behavior.

What are the theories of public health?

Describe the key constructs of four theories that are often used in public health interventions: the Health Belief Model, The Transtheoretical Model and stages of change, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Social Ecological Model.

What is an example of drive theory?

Thirst, hunger, and the need for warmth are all examples of drives. A drive creates an unpleasant state, a tension that needs to be reduced. In order to reduce this state of tension, humans and animals seek out ways to fulfill these biological needs. We get a drink when we are thirsty.Sep 17, 2020

What are the 3 models of behavior change?

It distinguishes between three types of beliefs - behavioral, normative, and control. The TPB is comprised of six constructs that collectively represent a person's actual control over the behavior.

What are theories in health education?

Theories and models are used in program planning to understand and explain health behavior and to guide the identification, development, and implementation of interventions.

What are theories in health promotion?

Theory of Health Promotion A theory presents a systematic way of understanding events. It is a set of concepts, definitions, and propositions that explain such events by demonstrating the relationships between variables. The theory behind the HPM is that you have personal experiences that affect your actions.Sep 22, 2021

What is an example of the Cannon Bard theory?

What is this? The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion states that stimulating events trigger feelings and physical reactions that occur at the same time. For example, seeing a snake might prompt both the feeling of fear (an emotional response) and a racing heartbeat (a physical reaction).

What are motivational theories?

Motivation theory is the study of understanding what drives a person to work towards a particular goal or outcome. It's relevant to all of society but is especially important to business and management.Dec 23, 2021

What is cognitive theory?

Cognitive theories are characterized by their focus on the idea that how and what people think leads to the arousal of emotions and that certain thoughts and beliefs lead to disturbed emotions and behaviors and others lead to healthy emotions and adaptive behavior.

What is learning theory education?

Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a world view, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.

What are the behavioral theories?

Behaviorism focuses on the idea that all behaviors are learned through interaction with the environment. This learning theory states that behaviors are learned from the environment, and says that innate or inherited factors have very little influence on behavior.May 29, 2020

Which of the following theories and models include environment as a construct?

Numerous behavioral theories and models include "environment" as a construct. For example, social cognitive theory posits that behavior is influenced by individual factors in combination with the social and physical environment (Bandura, 1986).Sep 24, 2020

Who developed the drive reduction theory?

Drive-Reduction Theory. Drive-reduction theory was first developed by Clark Hull in 1943. According to this theory, deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs. These needs result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis.

What is optimization theory?

Optimization Theory. Optimization theory is related to evolutionary theory, and is concerned with assessing the success of a behavior. It attempts to identify behavioral strategies that offer the highest return under a given set of conditions using a cost/benefit analysis.

What is genetic mutation?

Evolutionary psychology states that genetic mutations are capable of altering not only physical traits, but also behavioral traits. All animals, including humans, act in ways that improve their reproductive success; this results in social processes that maximize genetic fitness. According to evolutionary theory, ...

Who is the father of psychology?

William James (1842–1910) was an important contributor to early research into motivation, and he is often referred to as the father of psychology in the United States. James theorized that behavior was driven by a number of survival instincts. From a biological perspective, an instinct is a species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned. ...

What is the idea of evolutionary psychology?

The basic idea of evolutionary psychology is that genetic mutations are capable of altering an organism’s behavioral traits as well as its physical traits. Like physical traits, these mutations in behavioral traits may help the organism reproduce; this in turn allows the mutations to be passed on to the next generation.

What is motivation in psychology?

Motivation refers to a desire, need, or drive that contributes to and explains behavioral changes. In general, motivators provide some sort of incentive for completing a task. One definition of a motivator explains it as a force “acting either on or within a person to initiate behavior.”.

Why do animals need to act?

All animals, including humans, need to act in ways that will improve their reproductive success. This results in social processes that maximize individuals’ genetic fitness, or ability to pass their genes to the next generation. According to evolutionary theory, those who are the most fit are the most likely to survive, and eventually the population evolves in such a way that their traits manifest themselves across the population.

What is the motivation theory of Herzberg?

Herzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, argues that there are two factors that an organization can adjust to influence motivation in the workplace . These factors are: Motivators: Which can encourage employees to work harder. Hygiene factors: These won’t encourage employees ...

Who developed the motivation model?

Frederick Herzberg developed the model in 1959. He did this by interviewing over 200 professionals. The interviews delved into when the interviewees were at their most and least happiest with their jobs. Other motivation theories you may want to learn about include Equity Theory and Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

What are the two factors that Herzberg identified?

The two factors identified by Herzberg are motivators and hygiene factors. 1. Motivating Factors. The presence of motivators causes employees to work harder. They are found within the actual job itself. 2. Hygiene Factors. The absence of hygiene factors will cause employees to work less hard.

What are the two factors that affect motivation?

Herzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, provides two factors that affect motivation in the workplace. These factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors . Hygiene factors will cause an employee to work less if not present. Motivating factors will encourage an employee to work harder if present.

How to improve motivation in a team?

1. Eliminate Job Hygiene Stressors. The first step to enhancing the motivation of your team is to ensure that the hygiene factors are not causing dissatisfaction. Each person will examine hygiene factors through their own unique frame of reference.

What is job enrichment?

Job enrichment means enriching a team member’s job by giving them more challenging or complex tasks to perform. These more complex tasks should make the job more interesting. b. Job Enlargement. Job enlargement means giving a team member a greater variety of tasks to perform.

How to remove hygiene stressors?

Some common steps to remove hygiene stressors are: Rectify petty and bureaucratic company policies. Ensure each team member feels supported without feeling micromanaged.

Which model addresses the inter-relationship between behavior and the environment?

The first model, the socioecological model, addresses behavior change at multiple levels and considers the inter-relationship between behavior and the environment. The model accounts for multiple factors that can influence the behavior change process.

Why is the transtheoretical model useful?

This model is useful because it helps planners design programs based on an individual’s readiness, motivation, and ability.

What is the health belief model?

The health belief model is one of the oldest models of health behavior, but is still very relevant when discussing health behavior change. This model addresses the readiness to act upon a health behavior based upon several individual beliefs. These beliefs include:

What is the power theory of leadership?

This theory looks at the way a leader utilizes their power and influence to get things accomplished. French and Raven's Five Forms of Power is a commonly known power theory of leadership. It looks at positional power and personal power and how they impact leaders choices and outcomes.

Why are leadership theories important?

And leadership theories help explain how leaders harness and develop these traits.

Why is transformational leadership important?

Transformational leadership is an important psychological perspective for leaders to study and understand if they want to really influence and impact others. Different leadership theories address to create stronger and more effective leadership, helping followers become encouraged to be leaders themselves.

What is the function of leadership?

Ralph Nader says “The function of leadership is to produce more leaders, not followers. ”. This is considered transformational leadership—a leader can alter the perspective or psychology of a follower and shift them to want to become a leader too.

Why is mentoring important in leadership?

They are also inspired to be good leaders to others. Mentorship provides great opportunities to foster growth in employees, and encourages them to stay at the organization for a longer period of time.

What is behavioral leadership theory?

The behavioral leadership theory focuses on how leaders behave, and assumes that these traits can be copied by other leaders. Sometimes called the style theory, it suggests that leaders aren’t born successful, but can be created based on learnable behavior.

What are the styles of leadership?

Some of the styles of leadership include task-oriented leaders, people-oriented leaders, country club leaders, status-quo leaders, dictatorial leaders, and more. At the end of the day, the actions and actual behaviors of a leader are what defines success in ...

How can theory be used in nursing?

Theory can also be used to guide the research process by creating and testing phenomena of interest. To improve the nursing profession’s ability to meet societal duties and responsibilities, there needs to be a continuous reciprocal and cyclical connection with theory, practice, and research. This will help connect the perceived “gap” between theory and practice and promote the theory-guided practice.

What are the four main concepts of nursing?

These four are collectively referred to as metaparadigm for nursing. Person, Nursing, Environment, and Health – the four main concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm.

Why do we need nursing theories?

By defining nursing, a nursing theory also helps nurses understand their purpose and role in the healthcare setting. Theories serve as a rationale or scientific reasons for nursing interventions and give nurses the knowledge base necessary for acting and responding appropriately in nursing care situations .

What is nursing theory?

Nursing theories are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is, what nurses do, and why they do it. Nursing theories provide a way to define nursing as a unique discipline that is separate from other disciplines (e.g., medicine).

When did nursing theories start?

History of Nursing Theories. The first nursing theories appeared in the late 1800s when a strong emphasis was placed on nursing education. In 1860, Florence Nightingale defined nursing in her “Environmental Theory” as “the act of utilizing the patient’s environment to assist him in his recovery.”.

What is conceptual framework?

Conceptual framework. A conceptual framework is a group of related ideas, statements, or concepts. It is often used interchangeably with the conceptual model and with grand theories.

Is nursing an academic discipline?

Historically, nursing was not recognized as an academic discipline or as a profession we view today. Before nursing theories were developed, nursing was considered to be a task-oriented occupation. The training and function of nurses were under the direction and control of the medical profession.

When did the principles of administration begin to be challenged?

The advocates of the principles of administration began soon to be challenged, and the periodfrom 1938 to 1947 was, indeed, one of continuous and mounding challenge and questioning. In

What is structural functional approach?

This approach envisages that in every society certain important functions have to becarried out by a number of structures with the application of certain specified methods. To Riggs,in every society five important types of functions are discharged, viz. economic, social,communication, symbolic and political functions. The same set of functional requisites applies toan administrative sub-system in which various structures carry out a number of functions in aspecified manner. In the field of public administration, it was first suggested by Dwight Waldo in

Why is public administration important?

Many of them are more positive in nature because they care for the essentialrequirements of human life , be it health, education, recreation, sanitation, social security or others.It is, therefore, a creative factor, with its motto being ‘public welfare’. These functions are over

What are the dimensions of public administration?

Public Administration has two dimensions–as a practice and as a study . As a practice itstands for a process or activity administering governmental affairs. As a study it stands for anareaof intellectual enquiry. As a practice, public administration is an art, but as a study ofgovernmental affairs, it is surely a science. It is clear that social sciences which study the complexhumanbehaviourare not exact sciences like physical sciences. But social sciences are trying tobecome more and more scientific by using scientific methods of study.

Who is the father of public administration?

Public Administration as a discipline was born in the United States, and that countrycontinues to enrich it even today. Woodrow Wilson, who was teaching Political Science at thePrinceton University, and who later became the president of U.S.A., is regarded as the father of thediscipline of Public Administration. In an article entitled, The Study of Administration, publishedin 1887, Wilson emphasized the need for a separate study of Public Administration. He made a

Why is dedication important in innovation?

Dedication or commitment is required also because the employees have constantly to dealwith complex problems, many of which are new. It is a mistake to think that all bureaucraticactivity is routine and monotonous. Developmental activity in particular requires forecasting,planning, risk bearing, breaking new ground andexperimentation. Hence, innovations have to bemade all the time. The making of innovations, or creativity, requires emotional commitment.

What is NPA in politics?

New Public Administration (NPA) can be defined as a new and qualitatively differentphase in thegrowth of publicadministration, infused with political values like equity, social

Which theory of motivation focused on what motivates people and addressed specific factors like individual needs and goals?

Maslow’s theory of the hierarchy of needs, Alderfer’s ERG theory, McClelland’s achievement motivation theory, and Herzberg’s two-factor theory focused on what motivates people and addressed specific factors like individual needs and goals.

What is Alderfer's theory of motivation?

Alderfer’s theory of motivation expands on the work of Maslow and takes the premise of need categories a bit further. He observes that when lower needs are satisfied, they occupy less of our attention, but the higher needs tend to become more important, the more we pursue them.

What are the factors that influence expectancy?

Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory (1964), on the other hand, integrates needs, equity, and reinforcement theories to explain how we choose from alternative forms of voluntary behavior based on the belief that decisions will have desired outcomes. Vroom suggests that we are motivated to pursue an activity by appraising three factors: 1 Expectancy that assumes more effort will result in success 2 Instrumentality that sees a connection between activity and goal 3 Valence which represents the degree to which we value the reward or the results of success.

What is motivation psychology?

Motivation psychology is a study of how biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to motivation.

Where is Beata Souders?

Beata Souders is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in Psychology at CalSouth and MA in Creative Writing at SNHU, she holds a Master's degree in Positive Psychology from Life University. An ICF certified coach and a Gottman Institute Certified Educator, Beata is on the Executive Committee for the Student Division of the International Positive Psychology Associations and has published and presented on subjects ranging the Flow Theory to learned helplessness.

Who is the most famous person who explained the content theory of motivation?

The most recognized content theory of motivation is that of Abraham Maslow, who explained motivation through the satisfaction of needs arranged in a hierarchical order. As satisfied needs do not motivate, it is the dissatisfaction that moves us in the direction of fulfillment.

What is the difference between experimental and correlational research?

Experimental research is usually conducted in a laboratory and involves manipulating a motivational variable to determine its effects on behavior. Correlational research involves measuring an existing motivational variable to determine how the measured values are associated with behavioral indicators of motivation.

Why is addiction a choice?

Many early ideas about addiction are explained by what we might call a moral model. This explains addiction as the result of a lack of morals or willpower. In this model, addiction is a choice that people make because they are morally deficient. Scholars have suggested that this view is popular because in our society we tend to emphasize individual choice and liberty. We believe that free-will exists and thus addicts are exercising free will and could choose to live a better life on their own. Much of this developed at a time when religious leaders were very important in community life and claimed that addicts were simply a community of people lacking morals.

Why is behavioral therapy important?

Behavioral therapy can help patients deal with thoughts and behaviors that might lead to addiction. In-patient treatment programs can provide a space for addicts to live while trying to stop addictive behavior.

What is Emily Cummins' degree?

Emily Cummins received a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology and French Literature and an M.A. and Ph.D. in Sociology. She has instructor experience at Northeastern University and New Mexico State University, teaching courses on Sociology, Anthropology, Social Research Methods, Social Inequality, and Statistics for Social Research.

How do drugs affect the brain?

Substances that are highly addictive, like nicotine, impact the brain in specific ways. Drugs can raise our dopamine levels, which is a neurotransmitter that signals pleasure. This causes us to want more and more of a substance. If we continue to use the substance, then our body will crave this reward response.

What is social learning?

The social learning model suggests that addiction is the result of learning addictive behaviors from our environment, known as social learning. If we're spending time with people who are abusing substances, then we might be more likely to engage in this behavior.

How to understand addiction?

Another way to understand addiction is through the psychodynamic model, which takes into a number of different factors that might be related to addiction. It is kind of like a holistic approach that acknowledges our social environment while also considering the brain chemistry of individuals.

Is addiction hereditary?

And, while there is no single gene that can be neatly linked to causing addiction, researchers believe that addiction can be heredita ry. This means that if people in our family suffer from addiction, we might be more likely to have addictions too.

What is the pluralist theory of industrial relations?

The pluralist theory of industrial relations says that the workplace conflict is inevitable.The key difference between the unitary and pluralist perspective of employee relations is this assumption. This theory operates on the basis that businessorganisations are complex social structures that are made of various interest groups.

Who developed the theory of social conflict?

This theory is based on the works of German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. This type of social analysis views class relations and social conflicts through the lens of the materialist interpretation of historical development.

What is unitarism in the workplace?

Unitarism. The belief of this theory is that the workplace conflict is not an inevitable characteristic of the relationship between the employee and employer. The employment relationship in the organisation, in this theory, is a necessity for the survival of the organisation.

Who is Charles from My Assignment Services?

He has contributed to the academic enhancement of students from the University of New South Wales, Central Queensland University, Edith Cowan University, etc. He joined the team of My Assignment Services as a consulting expert and now is a full-time academic help provider. His expertise in the field of management covers topics like leadership management, human resource management, business management and several others. His blogs focus on solving the most complex of the queries and simplifying the processes.

What is employee relationship?

What Is Employee Relation? 1 The first way is the one, whereina manager uses his intuition and understanding to suggest new policies. 2 The second one is where the manager uses framework and theories of employment relations to suggest policies.

What Is Two Factor Theory?

The Four Stats

How to Use The Model

Limitations of The Theory

Summary

• Herzberg’s Motivation Theory model, or Two Factor Theory, provides two factors that affect motivation in the workplace. These factors are hygiene factors and motivating factors. Hygiene factors will cause an employee to work less if not present. Motivating factors will encourage an employee to work harder if present. To use the theory within your t...

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