Chapter 3: Theories of Motivation Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward reaching a goal Douglas McGregor Theories: Theory X: suggests that employees dislike work, will attempt to avoid it, and must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals.
The other theories propose good explanations for motivation, but Maslow’s theory is easily understandable to any human being. I think the other theories all begin with acknowledging Maslow’s theory, as they cannot be practical without the fulfillment of the lower levels of Maslow’s triangle of needs.
Intrinsically motivated behaviors are performed because of the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring. Extrinsically motivated behaviors are performed in order to receive something from others—such as a promotion, praise, candy, money, or attention.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs defines motivation as the process of satisfying certain needs that are required for long-term survival and development. There are some needs that are basic to all human beings, and in their absence, nothing else matters.
The purpose of this chapter is to provide the student with concepts andskills for motivating others, particularly in a work environment. Instead ofpresenting an overview of the many motivation theories in vogue, we concentrateon a few techniques. In this way, skill development is enhanced.
Motivation has two meanings: (a) an internal state that leads to effortexpended toward objective, and (b) an activity performed by one person to getanother to accomplish work. To accomplish their work, people must motivatepeople who report to them, coworkers, bosses, or customers.