Order the following steps in the formation of a Terrestrial planet chronologically: gravitational collapse, accretion, outgassing, condensation, and differentiation. Gravitational Collapse, Outgassing, Condensation, Accretion, and Differentiation.
The study of planet building is the study of these three groups of processes: condensation, accretion, and gravitational collapse. You encountered the _____________ process in the previous section.
Our planetary system formed in such a disk-shaped cloud around the Sun. When the Sun became ____________ enough, the remaining gas and dust were blown away into space, leaving the planets orbiting the Sun.
Catastrophic events are unlikely. If our Solar System formed in such a way we would conclude that planetary systems around other stars would be unlikely. b. Catastrophic events are common for evolving stars, but the probability of planets forming during these events is low.
The first stage of planet formation began when dust grains in the solar nebula formed condensation nuclei around which matter began to accumulate. This first step hastened the critical process of forming the first small clumps of matter. Once these clumps formed, they grew rapidly by sticking to other clumps.
8) What process cleared the protoplanetary nebula away and ended planet building? Very likely the solar wind during the T-Tauri stage of the star clear the last of of the gas away, or combined with ultraviolet radiation from other stars.
The process by which terrestrial planets formed is called accretion. It begins with the microscopic solid particles that condensed from the solar nebula's gas.
Two processes are important in planet formation. Condensation is the production of solid dust grains as gases in the molecular cloud cool, and accretion is the collision of the dust grains to form clumps and progressively larger bodies, some of which grow into planets (Fig. 10.2).
The Sun, planets, moons, comets, asteroids are believed to form within 50-100 million years. Once nuclear burning began in the Sun, it became a luminous object and cleared nebula as pressure from its light and solar wind pushed material out of Solar System.
The nebular theory with the added processes of migration and resonances accounts for the basic properties of extrasolar planetary systems.
What are two reasons why the terrestrial planets formed closer to the Sun after the supernova event that initiated the formation of the solar system? They are made of denser objects, which can condense at relatively high temperatures.
Planets form from particles in a disk of gas and dust, colliding and sticking together as they orbit the star. The planets nearest to the star tend to be rockier because the star's wind blows away their gases and because they are made of heavier materials attracted by the star's gravity.
What was the form of the material from which the Solar System formed? a nebula made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, but enriched in heavier elements from previous supernova explosions.
Theory proposes that planets were formed from disk of gas and dust that surrounded the sun as it formed. Clouds of gas and dust in space that mark birthplace of stars. Sun forms and temperatures of disk around sun cool causing dust to accrete and form boulders, then planetesimals, then planets, all orbiting the sun.
The theory of plate tectonics revolutionized the earth sciences by explaining how the movement of geologic plates causes mountain building, volcanoes, and earthquakes.
The various planets are thought to have formed from the solar nebula, the disc-shaped cloud of gas and dust left over from the Sun's formation. The currently accepted method by which the planets formed is accretion, in which the planets began as dust grains in orbit around the central protostar.
Earth was formed in a disk around the Sun. The disk/cloud of dust is collapsed and perpendicular to the axis of rotation
Name all of the Terrestrial planets. Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars. Name all of the Jovian planets. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. Order in the formation of a Terrestrial planet chronologically. Condensation, accretion, gravitational collapse, differentiation, outgassing. Describe the 4 stages of terrestrial planet development. ...
CRATERING: debris in the young solar system clearing away; DIFFERENTIATION: separated layers of different densities; BASIN FLOODING: rock melting and overflowing in the upper mantle causes lava to flood the planet then later water floods the planet; SLOW SURFACE EVOLUTION: crust is changing, erosion by air, water, etc, mountains, volcanoes, this is still happening today
Venus has a relatively young surface that is consistent throughout the planet
A proto-Earth was pelted by asteroids, which would knock off debris when then coalesced into the Moon.
Large impacts explode on contact and excavates the moon, pushing mountains up
Moon was captured by Earth's gravity while it was in a different orbit
Roche' s Theory of the Moon's Origin
The Earth has been resurfaced somewhat recently, while the atmosphere also prevents many asteroids from reaching the surface
To make and test hypotheses about how the Solar System formed, astronomers must search the present Solar System for evidence of its past.
The fundamental work of science is testing hypotheses by comparing them with facts. The facts are evidence of how nature works, and they represent reality. Hypotheses are attempts to explain how nature works. Scientists are very careful to distinguish between the two.
location, craters, rings, moons, 8-1b Terrestrial and Jovian Planets. One important fact was obvious—the eight planets are divided into 2 categories: the small Earth-like worlds and the giant Jupiter-like worlds.
But, the Sun and the planets are not the only remains of the solar nebula. The Solar System is littered with three kinds of space debris: asteroids, comets, and meteoroids. These objects are a tiny fraction of the mass of the system, but are a source of information about the origin of the planets. asteroids.
3c All four Jovian planets have _______ systems. Saturn's rings are made of ice particles. The rings of Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune are made of dark rocky particles.
2 __________ are common on all of the surfaces in the Solar System that are strong enough to retain them. Earth has about 150 impact craters, but many more have been erased by __________. Terrestrial planets, asteroids, comet nuclei, and nearly all of the moons in the Solar System are scarred by craters. Ranging from microscopic to hundreds of kilometers in diameter, these craters have been produced over the ages by meteorite impacts. When a rocky or icy surface contains few craters, the surface is ________.
On this scale, Sun is a small plum, Earth is a grain of table salt, and Jupiter is an apple seed 21 m (69 ft) from the Sun. Neptune's orbit, marking the outer edge of the planetary zone, has a model radius of 120 m (400 ft).