medical course of normal weight individuals who have metabolic syndrome

What is metabolic syndrome in normal weight Americans?

Compared with men with BMI 18.5-20.9 kg/m(2), the odds for the metabolic syndrome were 4.13 (95% CI 1.57-10.87) for men with BMI 21-22.9 kg/m(2), 5.35 (2.41-11.86) for men with BMI 23-24.9 kg/m(2), and 9.08 (4.23-19.52) for men with BMI 25-26.9 kg/m(2) after controlling for age, ethnicity, education, income, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol and total fat, …

What is the abbreviation for metabolic syndrome?

In contrast, metabolically unhealthy individuals are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), irrespective of BMI; thus, this group can include individuals within the normal weight category (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m 2). This review provides a summary of prospective studies on MHO and metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW) phenotypes.

Are metabolically unhealthy normal-weight individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Sep 01, 2004 · compared with men with bmi 18.5–20.9 kg/m 2, the odds of the metabolic syndrome were 2.97 (95% ci 1.24–7.15) for men with bmi 21–22.9 kg/m 2, 4.95 (2.13–11.54) for men with bmi 23–24.9 kg/m 2, and 9.88 (4.29–22.75) for men with bmi 25–26.9 kg/m 2 after controlling for age, ethnicity, education, income, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol and …

What is metabolically healthy obesity?

A subset of overweight and obese (OB) individuals have been docu-mented to have normal metabolic profiles (1). These individuals, who include over 30% of OB (BMI 230 kg/m ) and over 50% of overweight (BMI 225 kg/m and <30 kg/m2) adults, have normal insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and lipid profiles (2). Some reports have suggested that despite an elevated body …

Can you be normal weight and have metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome most often co-occurs with obesity, however, in some individuals with normal body weight, the presence of metabolic disorders can be diagnosed similar to those which are characteristic for obese people. These persons were named metabolically obese normal weight (MONW) [1].May 30, 2015

Can you have metabolic syndrome without being overweight?

Non-obese individuals could have metabolic disorders that are typically associated with elevated body mass index (BMI), placing them at elevated risk for chronic diseases.Dec 26, 2016

What is the first best treatment option for a person with metabolic syndrome?

In most cases, the best treatment for metabolic syndrome rests with you. Changes to your behavior -- such as eating healthier and getting more exercise -- are the first things your doctor will suggest. By adopting some healthy habits, you may be able to eliminate your risk factors completely.

Is weight related to metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to overweight or obesity and inactivity. It's also linked to a condition called insulin resistance. Normally, your digestive system breaks down the foods you eat into sugar.May 6, 2021

What is metabolic medicine?

Metabolic medicine is the treatment of disease using the body's natural biochemistry along with current scientific research to support the body's best functioning and the optimal health of patients. Metabolic medicine essentially refers to healing from the inside out.

Which may occur in a patient who is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is a condition that includes a cluster of risk factors specific for cardiovascular disease. The cluster of metabolic factors include abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, high triglyceride levels, and low HDL cholesterol levels.

What is a metabolic doctor called?

You're likely to start by seeing your primary care provider. He or she may then refer you to a doctor who specializes in diabetes and other endocrine disorders (endocrinologist) or one who specializes in heart disease (cardiologist).May 6, 2021

What is a metabolism doctor called?

Endocrinologists are doctors who specialize in glands and the hormones they make. They deal with metabolism, or all the biochemical processes that make your body work, including how your body changes food into energy and how it grows. They may work with adults or kids.May 18, 2021

What medications help with metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic Syndrome MedicationAntidiabetics, Biguanides.Antidiabetics, Thiazolidinediones.Lipid-Lowering Agents, Statins.ACE Inhibitors.Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)Lipid-lowering Agents, Non-Statin.Lipid-Lowering Agents, Non-Statin.Antiplatelet Agents, Cardiovascular.More items...•Mar 30, 2020

What BMI is metabolic syndrome?

However, BMI in any level below 30 has a very high NPV to rule out metabolic syndrome. BMI of 27 was found to be ideal for identification of metabolic syndrome in men and women.

What are the most common metabolic disorders?

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease....Hereditary hemochromatosisliver cirrhosis.liver cancer.diabetes.heart disease.

What are the 5 components of metabolic syndrome?

The main components of metabolic syndrome include obesity, high blood pressure, high blood triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol and insulin resistance. Healthy eating and increased physical activity are the keys to avoiding or overcoming problems related to metabolic syndrome.

Is obesity a cardiovascular disease?

Cardiovascular complications are commonly associated with obesity. However, a subgroup of obese individuals may not be at an increased risk for cardiovascular complications; these individuals are said to have metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). In contrast, metabolically unhealthy individuals are at high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), ...

Is obesity a metabolic disease?

Metabolic health in normal-weight and obese individuals. Cardiovascular complications are commonly associated with obesity. However, a subgroup of obese individuals may not be at an increased risk for cardiovascular complications; these individuals are said to have metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). In contrast, metabolically unhealthy ...

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Between 1988 and 1994, a representative sample of the U.S. population participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). NHANES III was conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics to estimate the prevalence of major diseases, nutritional disorders, and risk factors for these diseases ( 7 ).

RESULTS

Subject characteristics according to sex and ethnic background are shown in Table 1. By study design, these subjects are characteristic of the U.S. population with a BMI 18.5–26.9 kg/m 2. The overall prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, including all BMI categories, ranged from 17.5% in non-Hispanic black men to 30.6% in Hispanic women ( Fig. 1 ).

CONCLUSIONS

In this report, we advance the notion that MONW individuals are those with a normal or slightly elevated BMI who fulfill the criteria for the metabolic syndrome as defined by the ATP III guidelines.

Article Information

Fellowship funding for M.-P.S.-O. and I.J. was received from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.

What is the BMI of a normal weight person?

Normal-weight “obese” people have a BMI of less than 25 kg/m 2, but they have symptoms of metabolic obesity, such as low insulin sensitivity, high hepatic fat, and high triglycerides. The location of adipose tissue can also affect metabolic health.

What is the prevalence of mets?

The prevalence of MetS was 61.6% in the obese group, 33.2% in the overweight group, and 8.6% in the normal-weight group. We found significant differences in the prevalence of MetS and weight groups for all demographic variables. Groups with MetS were generally older, less educated, and less physically active and had a lower income and a higher prevalence of smoking than their no-MetS counterparts ( Table 1 ). Non-Hispanic white adults and other/multiracial adults had a lower prevalence of overweight and obesity but a higher prevalence of MetS compared with non-Hispanic black or Mexican American adults, whereas the inverse was true for Mexican American, other Hispanic, and non-Hispanic black adults.

What is the impact of MetS on clinical outcomes?

Most studies of MetS have focused on obese people; little attention has been paid to normal-weight people, despite their risk of MetS and the complications it may portend.

Is metabolic syndrome more prevalent in overweight people?

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) is less prevalent among normal-weight adults than among overweight and obese adults, it does occur. The objective of our study was to examine how mortality risks differed in weight categories stratified by presence/absence of MetS.

Is MetS a public health problem?

The risk of MetS among normal-weight people may be a more relevant public health problem now because of the increasing prevalence of MetS across all weight categories in recent years (5). Research that includes metabolically unhealthy normal-weight people shows equivocal results.

Is obesity a risk factor for poor metabolic health?

Although obesity is a well-known risk factor for poor metabolic health (1,2), metabolic health issues such as insulin resistance and diabetes risk also affect normal-weight people (3). A useful method for assessing metabolic health is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is defined as having 3 of the following 5 criteria: central obesity, elevated blood glucose, elevated triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and elevated blood pressure (4).

Is MetS a risk factor?

MetS is a risk factor for mortality among normal-weight and obese adults. In our study, normal-weight adults with MetS had the highest mortality among the 6 groups studied, suggesting that interventions should also focus on MetS patients with normal weight.

What is the WHO BMI?

To overcome the difficulties associated with measuring and classifying the percentage of body fat, the WHO established the body mass index (BMI) as the parameter for identifying overweight and obesity. 2.

What is the study of how genetic variations may interfere with the interaction between diet and the development of diseases?

Nutritional epigenomics is the study of epigenetic mechanisms that influence gene expression without promoting changes in the DNA sequence. Nutrigenetics is the study of how genetic variations may interfere with the interaction between diet and the development of diseases.

Why is the universal BMI cutoff point used?

On the other hand, the use of the universal BMI cutoff point set by the WHO has allowed the comparison of data from different epidemiological studies in order to establish the relation between BMI and the risk of noncommunicable diseases. 1,14.

Does BMI have high specificity?

1. Although BMI has high specificity to detect excessive body adiposity, its sensitivity is low.

Abstract

There is recent interest in characterizing the subset of obese (OB) individuals who have healthy metabolic profiles yet only two studies have examined this group prospectively but not in racially diverse populations.

Introduction

A subset of overweight and obese (OB) individuals have been documented to have normal metabolic profiles ( ( 1) ). These individuals, who include over 30% of OB (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2) and over 50% of overweight (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 and <30 kg/m 2) adults, have normal insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and lipid profiles ( ( 2) ).

Methods and Procedures

We used data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, a prospective cohort in four US communities (Forsyth County, NC; Jackson, MS; suburban Minneapolis, MN; Washington County, MD) designed to study the etiology of atherosclerosis in a predominately biracial sample of adult men and women ( ( 9) ).

Results

At visit 1, prevalence of MetSyn was most common among the OB ( Table 1 ). Nevertheless, a substantial proportion of OB individuals (39.8%) did not meet the ATP-III criteria for MetSyn.

Discussion

In this study of a racially diverse, community-based cohort of men and women, we observed that while a substantial proportion of OB subjects were free of MetSyn at baseline (40%), they were over four times as likely to develop MetSyn over 9 years of follow-up compared with NW adults.

Abstract

Introduction

Methods

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgments

Author Information

References

Tables

• Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; MetS, metabolic syndrome; SE, standard error. a Based on standard definitions: normal weight (18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2), overweight (25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2), and obese (≥30.0 kg/m2). MetS defined as presence of ≥3 of the following 5 criteria: central or abdominal obesity (men, >40-in waist circumference; women, >35-in w...

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