How is life course criminology defined?
Within criminology, the life course perspective is an effort to offer a comprehensive outlook to the study of criminal activity because it considers the multitude of factors that affect offending across different time periods and contexts (Thornberry, 1997).
How is life course criminology defined quizlet?
How is the life course defined in LC criminology? Defined as the interconnection of trajectories that are influenced by societal changes and short-term development transitions and turning points.
What is the life-course theory quizlet?
Life course theory argues that specific events in one's life motivate one to desist from crimes, and this eventually prompts an individual to lead a normal life. These events are called turning points.
Which of the following is most characteristic of a life course persistent offender?
Continuity and Stability of Antisocial Behavior Biting and hitting as early as age 4 followed by crimes such as shoplifting, selling drugs, theft, robbery, rape, and child abuse characterize a life course persistent offender.
Which of the following is a typical of a life course persistent offender?
Which of the following is typical of a life course persistent offender? Consistent involvement in antisocial behavior across a wide spectrum of social situations.
What is meant by the term cumulative disadvantage in life course criminology quizlet?
(persistance) --cumulative disadvantage. one bad state leads to an even worse state; can't get out.
What is the focus of life course theory?
Overview. The life course approach examines an individual's life history and investigates, for example, how early events influenced future decisions and events such as marriage and divorce, engagement in crime, or disease incidence.
What are the four key elements of the developmental life course theory?
Several fundamental principles characterize the life course approach. They include: (1) socio-historical and geographical location; (2) timing of lives; (3) heterogeneity or variability; (4) "linked lives" and social ties to others; (5) human agency and personal control; and (6) how the past shapes the future.
Which is defined as help rendered by others that benefits an individual or collectivity is an obvious element of interdependent lives?
Social support. Help rendered by others that benefits an individual or collectivity, is an obvious element of interdependent lives.
How do life-course theorists view criminality quizlet?
Life course theory suggests that the development of a criminal career is a dynamic process. Behavior is influenced by individual characteristics as well as social experiences, and the factors that cause antisocial behaviors change dramatically over a person's life span.
Which of the following theories are also referred to as life-course criminology?
The first, referred to as life course theory, suggests that criminal behavior is a dynamic process, influenced by individual characteristics as well as social experiences, and that the factors that cause antisocial behaviors change dramatically over a persons' life span.
What are the two types of offenders identified in Moffitt's developmental theory?
Moffitt's theory of delinquency suggests that at-risk youths can be divided into two groups, the adolescence- limited group and the life-course-persistent group, predetermined at a young age, and social interactions between these two groups become important during the adolescent years.
Historical Context
The life-course-persistent offenders’ theory developed from studies by Wolfgang, known as Philadelphia birth cohort studies (Blokland & Nieuwbeerta, 2010). The study published in 1972 examined delinquent behavior among boys up to 17 years of age. The findings indicated that only a small fraction of chronic offenders engaged in most of the antisocia...
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Major Contributors
The major contributor to the development of the life-course-persistent offenders’ theory is Terrie Moffitt, through the development of Moffitt’s taxonomy. Earlier works on life-course persistence can be traced to the works of Wolfgang, Figlio, and Selling (1972) (Skarohamar, 2010). In their work, the three established that a small fraction of chronic offenders committed over half of all recorded offenses in a particular birth cohort. In 1980, the Panel …
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Major Theories
The life-course-persistent offenders’ theory falls under the category of psychological theories of criminal behavior. The psychological theories of behavior examine the psychological aspects of behavior. Psychological theories are broadly categorized into two: personality theories and those based on intelligence. The origin of the psychological theories can be attributed to Richard Dugdale. In 1874, Dugdale conducted a study that tried to unravel the famil…
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Criticisms
The theory argues that adolescent-limited offenders are likely to engage in less serious crimes compared to the life-course-persistent offenders. This is not entirely right since in some cases, even the adolescent limited offenders commit serious crimes. Another criticism of the theory is that it fails to account for various factors that may influence individuals to engage in crime from a younger age. Another criticism is that it is difficult to pinpoi…
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Policy Implications
The policy implications of this theory is that it is possible for researchers to identify individuals at high risk of engaging in crime by analyzing particular personality characteristics such as hostility, jealousy, lack of impulse control, and others (Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, & Vold, 2016). Individuals who engage in crime have problems controlling their impulses or their negative emotional states. Moffitt’s theory identifies the source of impulsivity t…
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References
Bernard, T. J., Snipes, J. B., Gerould, A. L., & Vold, G. B. (2016). Vold’s theoretical criminology. New York : Oxford University Press, Blokland, A. A. J., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2010). Life course criminology. In P. Knepper, & S. G. Shoham (Eds.), International Handbook of Criminology. (pp. 51-94). London. Farrington, D. P., & Loeber, R. (2001). Child deliquents: Development, intervention, and service needs. Thousand Oaks, Calif. ;London: SAGE. Sk…
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