in the space provided explain how more movements used violence against civilians course hero

Why did some movements use violence against civilians?

Who promoted nonviolence as a way to bring about political change?

What was the global balance of economic and political power during and after World War II?

How did the Cold War affect the world?

What were the effects of the Cold War?

Where did the movement to redistribute land and resources originate?

What role did governments play in the development of newly independent states after World War II?

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Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization Flashcards | Quizlet

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Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization (1900 to Present) - Google

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Why did some movements use violence against civilians?

Some movements used violence against civilians in an effort to achieve political aims.

Who promoted nonviolence as a way to bring about political change?

Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some, such as Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela, promoted the practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about political change. Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict.

What was the global balance of economic and political power during and after World War II?

The global balance of economic and political power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological conflict and a power struggle between capitalism and communism across the globe

How did the Cold War affect the world?

The Cold War conflict extended beyond its basic ideological origins to have profound effects on economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of global events. The role of the state in the domestic economy varied, and new institutions of global association emerged and continued to develop throughout the century.

What were the effects of the Cold War?

The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and led to nuclear proliferation and proxy wars between and within postcolonial states in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Where did the movement to redistribute land and resources originate?

Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.

What role did governments play in the development of newly independent states after World War II?

In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.

Abstract

Early research on wartime violence against civilians highlighted a distinction between macro- and micro-level approaches.

INTRODUCTION

From 1946 to 2019, 221 intrastate armed conflicts took place in more than 100 countries around the world ( Pettersson & Öberg 2020 ).

SCOPE, DEFINITIONS, AND TERMINOLOGY

Violence against civilians occurs in the context of many different types of conflict and contentious political activity, varying across categories of contentious political action (e.g., Davenport et al. 2019 ).

TYPES OF VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS

Patterns of violence against civilians, or noncombatants, vary considerably both within and across conflicts.

EXPLAINING WARTIME VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS

As Valentino (2014, p.

EMERGING RESEARCH ON VIOLENCE AGAINST CIVILIANS

Although the recent wave of literature on wartime violence against civilians focuses primarily on the behavior of governments and rebel groups, two emerging strands of research highlight the complexity of civil wars by pointing to the importance of other actors within the domestic arena, with one strand focusing on progovernment militias and another strand focusing on civilians as independent, multifaceted actors in conflict.

CONCLUSION: MOVING BEYOND MICRO- AND MACRO-LEVEL APPROACHES

Research on wartime violence against civilians has developed rapidly over the past 15 years, with theoretical advances and empirical innovations driving the field toward more sophisticated analysis of the causes and consequences of violence against civilians.

Why did some movements use violence against civilians?

Some movements used violence against civilians in an effort to achieve political aims.

Who promoted nonviolence as a way to bring about political change?

Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some, such as Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela, promoted the practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about political change. Militaries and militarized states often responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict.

What was the global balance of economic and political power during and after World War II?

The global balance of economic and political power shifted during and after World War II and rapidly evolved into the Cold War. The democracy of the United States and the authoritarian communist Soviet Union emerged as superpowers, which led to ideological conflict and a power struggle between capitalism and communism across the globe

How did the Cold War affect the world?

The Cold War conflict extended beyond its basic ideological origins to have profound effects on economic, political, social, and cultural aspects of global events. The role of the state in the domestic economy varied, and new institutions of global association emerged and continued to develop throughout the century.

What were the effects of the Cold War?

The Cold War produced new military alliances, including NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and led to nuclear proliferation and proxy wars between and within postcolonial states in Latin America, Africa, and Asia.

Where did the movement to redistribute land and resources originate?

Movements to redistribute land and resources developed within states in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, sometimes advocating communism or socialism.

What role did governments play in the development of newly independent states after World War II?

In newly independent states after World War II, governments often took on a strong role in guiding economic life to promote development.