Once the fabric has been woven, knitted or bonded, it is available for the final step of manufacturing. This is the finishing process. Greige. The fabric that has been freshly prepared and taken off from the loom is called greige.
Apart from the above mentioned, the fabrics can also be produced by interlocking and bonding of the yarn fibers through other processes like chemical means, solvents, thermal actions and mechanical methods. The basic process involves spinning of the fibers and cutting into small pieces.
Keeping in view the importance of fabrics in the textile world, it is essential to understand its manufacturing process as well. This insight allows us to better gauge the quality and composition of the fabric and make a better selection for our garment needs accordingly. There are a few basic steps involved in fabric production.
The basic process involves spinning of the fibers and cutting into small pieces. These are then packed into bales which can be spread uniformly over a conveyor belt by the carding process.
vertical directionIn warp knitting, loops are formed in predominantly in a vertical direction by needles that knit simultaneously. The yarns are fed to the needles from one or more beams.
Knit fabricsKnit fabrics are composed of intermeshing loops of yarns. There are two major types of knits: weft knits and warp knits, as illustrated in Fig. 4.7. In weft knits, each weft yarn lies more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced, and the intermeshing yarn traverses the fabric crosswise.
Warp and weft are the two basic components used in weaving to turn thread or yarn into fabric. The lengthwise or longitudinal warp yarns are held stationary in tension on a frame or loom while the transverse weft (sometimes woof) is drawn through and inserted over and under the warp.
Knitted Fabric Knitted fabricsKnitted Fabric Knitted fabrics are made by interlocking loops into a specific arrangement. It may be one continuous thread or a combination. Either way, the yarn is formed into successive rows of loops and then drawn through another series of loops to make the fabric.
A loosely constructed plain weave fabric using curly, knotty, fancy ratiné yarn. It is often made of cotton or rayon, but also silk, worsted, rayon or blends. The fabric is characterized by nub like tiny loops and a rough-textured surface. Ratiné is French for “fuzzy” or “frizzy.” Uses: Dresses, sportswear.
Weaves are made on a loom by interlacing two orthogonal (mutually perpendicular) sets of yarns (warp and fill). The warp direction is parallel to the length of the roll, while the fill, weft, or woof direction is perpendicular to the length of the roll.
weaving, lengthwise yarns are called warp; crosswise yarns are called weft, or filling. Most woven fabrics are made with their outer edges finished in a manner that avoids raveling; these are called selvages. They run lengthwise, parallel to the warp yarns.
Warp refers to the vertical lines on a woven cloth, while weft refers to the horizontal lines. To weave cloth, the warp is pulled tightly on the loom, creating vertical lines that guide the weft over and under.
NOTE: A simple way to remember and distinguish the two is to look at the “A” in warp and the “E” in weft. The letter “A” has its two vertical strokes, which conveniently goes in the up/down direction like a warp yarn....Weft yarns are:in the crosswise direction.A.K.A. ... also called “filling” or “picks” in weaving terms.
The series of loops those are connected horizontally, continuously are called as course. The horizontal row of loops that are made by adjacent needles in the same knitting cycle. Wales : The series of loops that intermeshes vertically are known as Wales.
Definition of weft knit : a knit fabric produced in machine or hand knitting with the yarns running crosswise or in a circle — compare warp knit.
In weaving, threads are always straight, running parallel either lengthwise (warp threads) or crosswise (weft threads). By contrast, the yarn in knitted fabrics follows a meandering path (a course), forming symmetric loops (also called bights) symmetrically above and below the mean path of the yarn.