Step 1: Read the text Step 2: Break the text down into sections Step 3: Identify the key points in each section
• The affiliation consists of the department of the course and the name of the university. • Write the course number and name and instructor name as shown on course materials. • Use the date format used in your country for the assignment due date. • Page number 1 appears in the top right of the page in the page header.
· Begin the methods section by reporting sample characteristics, sampling procedures, and the sample size. Participant or subject characteristics When discussing people who participate in research, descriptive terms like “participants,” “subjects” and “respondents” can be used. For non-human animal research, “subjects” is more appropriate.
Provide the course number as shown on instructional materials, followed by a colon and the course name. Center the course number and name on the next double-spaced line after the author affiliation. PSY 201: Introduction to Psychology. Instructor name. Provide the name of the instructor for the course using the format shown on instructional materials.
Student papers usually don’t require a running head External link, as seen in professional APA papers, unless requested by the instructor. Title page Title pages include the paper title (in bold) followed by an extra space, the author (your name), affiliation (department and college), course number and name, instructor, and due date.
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of document. In A. Instructor (Ed.), Course number: Course title (pp.
Last Name, First Name of professor. “Title or Subject of the Lecture.” Class lecture, Course Name, College Name, Location, Month Day, Year. of Saint Rose, Albany, New York, March 8, 2009.
Starting with the first level of heading, the subsections of the paper should progressively use the next level(s) of heading without skipping any levels. Major sections of the paper's main body, including the Method, Results, and Discussion sections, should always be formatted with the first level of heading.
References: Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Unit code Title of the study guide: subtitle, edn (if applicable). University Name, Place. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Unit code Title of the study guide: subtitle, edn, rev.
Online course or massive open online course (Mooc) Online courses, including Moocs, can be cited by providing the instructors, year of course creation (if known), title of the course, site that hosts the course, and URL.
Reference list. Professor's last name, Initial of first name. year, month and day of lecture. Lecture title in italics [Lecture recording].
If you are specifying a paragraph or subsection as part of a section, use just the abbreviation for the section. For example, paragraph (b) of subsection (1) of section 15 of the Human Rights Act 1998 is expressed as: Human Rights Act 1998, s 15(1)(b).
In APA Style, the Introduction section never gets a heading and headings are not indicated by letters or numbers. For subsections in the beginning of a paper (introduction section), the first level of subsection will use Level 2 headings — the title of the paper counts as the Level 1 heading.
Subheadings are usually reserved for shorter sections within a larger section. So if your paper has three main points, but the first point has three main subpoints, you might use subheadings for the subpoints under main point 1. 1. Headings should correlate to the preview of the paper.
Basic format to reference lecture notesAuthor or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.Year.Title (in italics).Description of format.Unit name and Unit code.University.Date lecture was delivered.
Citing a lecture in APA Style Instead, you should usually just cite the lecture as a personal communication in parentheses in the text. State the lecturer's name (initials and last name), the words “personal communication,” and the date of the lecture.
If you are citing a class lecture, provide the lecture title in quotation marks after the professor's name, the course name and course number after the lecture title and add the word "Class lecture" (without quotation marks) after the location.
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Course Pack, edited by Instructor's First Name Last Name, Douglas College, Publication Date, pp. xx-xx.
To cite an online lecture or speech, follow the MLA format template. List the name of the presenter, followed by the title of the lecture. Then list the name of the website as the title of the container, the date on which the lecture was posted, and the URL: Allende, Isabel.
MLA format Speaker last name, First name. “Lecture Title.” Course or Event Name, Day Month Year, Institution, Location. Lecture.
The easiest way to set up APA format in Word is to download Scribbr’s free APA format template for student papers or professional papers. Alter...
APA Style papers should be written in a font that is legible and widely accessible. For example: Times New Roman (12pt.) Arial (11pt.) Calibri (11...
APA citations consist of an in-text citation and reference entry . Each source type has its own format; for example, a webpage citation is dif...
Yes, page numbers are included on all pages, including the title page , table of contents , and reference page . Page numbers should be right-al...
APA format is widely used by professionals, researchers, and students in the social and behavioral sciences, including fields like education, psyc...
APA alphabetization guidelines. References are ordered alphabetically by the first author’s last name. If the author is unknown, order the reference entry by the first meaningful word of the title (ignoring articles: “the”, “a”, or “an”).
In an APA Style paper, every page has a page header. For student papers, the page header usually consists of just a page number in the page’s top-right corner. For professional papers intended for publication, it also includes a running head.
APA Style papers should be written in a font that is legible and widely accessible. For example: Times New Roman (12pt.) Arial (11pt.) Calibri (11 pt.) Georgia (11pt.) The same font and font size is used throughout the document, including the running head, page numbers, headings, and the reference page.
Place the table of contents on a separate page between the abstract and introduction. Write the section label “Contents” at the top (bold and centered), press “Enter” once, and list the important headings with corresponding page numbers.
Abstract. The abstract is a 150–250 word summary of your paper. An abstract is usually required in professional papers, but it’s rare to include one in student papers (except for longer texts like theses and dissertations). The abstract is placed on a separate page after the title page.
For professional papers intended for publication, it also includes a running head. A running head is simply the paper’s title in all capital letters. It is left-aligned and can be up to 50 characters in length.
APA Style does not provide guidelines for formatting the table of contents. It’s also not a required paper element in either professional or student papers. If your instructor wants you to include a table of contents, it’s best to follow the general guidelines.
APA Style has two title page formats: student and professional (for details, see title page setup ). Unless instructed otherwise, students should use the student title page format and include the following elements, in the order listed, on the title page:
Seventh edition APA Style was designed with modern word-processing programs in mind.
Repeat the paper title at the top of the first page of text. Begin the paper with an introduction to provide background on the topic, cite related studies, and contextualize the paper. Use descriptive headings to identify other sections as needed (e.g., Method, Results, Discussion for quantitative research papers). Sections and headings vary depending on the paper type and its complexity. Text can include tables and figures, block quotations, headings, and footnotes.
Write the title page using the same font and font size as the rest of your paper. Bold the paper title. Use standard font (i.e., no bold, no italics) for all other title page elements.
Double-space the whole title page. Place the paper title three or four lines down from the top of the page. Add an extra double-spaced blank like between the paper title and the byline. Then, list the other title page elements on separate lines, without extra lines in between.
When the paper has three or more authors, separate the names with commas and include “and” before the final author’s name (e.g., Malia Mohamed, Jaylen T. Brown, and Nia L. Ball).
Page number 1 in the top right corner of the page header.
The methods section of an APA style paper is where you report in detail how you performed your study. Research papers in the social and natural sciences often follow APA style. This article focuses on reporting quantitative research methods. In your APA methods section, you should report enough information to understand and replicate your study, ...
In your APA methods section, you should report enough information to understand and replicate your study, including detailed information on the sample, measures, and procedures used.
While primary and secondary hypotheses are based on a theoretical framework or past studies, exploratory hypotheses are guided by the data you’ve just collected.
To report research design, note your overall framework for data collection and analysis. State whether you used an experimental, quasi-experimental, descriptive (observational), correlational, and/or longitudinal design. Also note whether a between-subjects or a within-subjects design was used.
To cite hardware, indicate the model number and manufacturer.
The AI-powered APA Citation Checker points out every error, tells you exactly what’s wrong, and explains how to fix it. Say goodbye to losing marks on your assignment!
Begin the methods section by reporting sample characteristics, sampling procedures, and the sample size.
Provide the name of the instructor for the course using the format shown on instructional materials. Center the instructor name on the next double-spaced line after the course number and name.
The student title page includes the paper title, author names (the byline), author affiliation, course number and name for which the paper is being submitted, instructor name, assignment due date, and page number , as shown in this example.
Author affiliation. For a professional paper, the affiliation is the institution at which the research was conducted. Include both the name of any department and the name of the college, university, or other institution, separated by a comma.
Provide the due date for the assignment. Center the due date on the next double-spaced line after the instructor name. Use the date format commonly used in your country.
The running head appears in all-capital letters in the page header of all pages, including the title page. Align the running head to the left margin. Do not use the label “Running head:” before the running head.
Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize major words of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired. There is no maximum length for titles; however, keep titles focused and include key terms.
Use the automatic page-numbering function of your word processing program to insert page numbers in the top right corner of the page header.
APA format is the official style used by the American Psychological Association. APA 7th edition establishes different expectations for student papers versus professionally published papers. This handout presents the official APA guidelines for student papers. If your Columbia College instructor prefers that you follow the guidelines ...
In-text citations are included in the body of the paper. They identify the source by the author and its date of publication. Citations always correspond with an entry in the references section at the end of the paper. The two types of in-text citations, narrative and parenthetical, are shown below in the paraphrase and direct quotation examples.
Citations always correspond with an entry in the references section at the end of the paper. The two types of in-text citations, narrative and parenthetical, are shown below in the paraphrase and direct quotation examples.
This method of borrowing is more commonly used in APA papers than quotations because it allows a writer to maintain their objective voice and combine the source’s ideas with their own. Paraphrases are always cited both in the text of the paper and in the reference page.
Crediting sources ensures that students avoid plagiarism. Whenever you use words, facts, statistics, diagrams, charts, drawings, or ideas that are not your own within your paper, you must cite the source. Whether you quote, paraphrase, or summarize a single phrase or a whole chapter, you must acknowledge the original author no matter how much of the source you use or how often you use it.
Margins should be 1 inch from top, bottom, right, and left edges of the paper.
The font should remain the same throughout the paper. Options include 11-point sans-serif fonts, such as Calibri or Arial , and 12-point serif fonts, such as Times New Roman. Ultimately, check with your instructors about their font preferences. All text, including block quotes and the references section, should be double spaced.
APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page.
This workshop provides an overview of APA (American Psychological Association) style and where to find help with different APA resources. It provides an annotated list of links to all of our APA materials and an APA overview. It is an excellent place to start to learn about APA format.
The plural of appendix is “appendices.”. In an APA Style paper, appendices are placed at the very end, after the reference list.
This article reflects the 7th edition guidelines of the APA Publication Manual. An appendix is a section at the end of an academic text where you include extra information that doesn’t fit into the main text. The plural of appendix is “appendices.”.
Any sources cited in your appendices should appear in your reference list. Do not create a separate reference list for your appendices.
When you only include a single appendix, it is simply called “Appendix” and referred to as such in the main text.
An appendix contains information that supplements the reader’s understanding of your research but is not essential to it. For example:
If you want to refer specifically to a table or figure from an appendix in the main text, use the table or figure’s label (e.g. “see Table A3”).
The numbering restarts with each appendix: For example, the first table in Appendix B is Table B1; the first figure in Appendix C is Figure C1; and so on. If you only have one appendix, use A1, A2, etc.