how many inches does base course compact?

Tolerances on the base course are +0 inches and minus 1 inch for Class 1 through 3 floors (typical low tolerance floors) or +0 inches and minus ¾ inches for higher tolerance floors. WHAT ABOUT THE SOIL? A sand base course is easy to compress, but can rut easily during construction. Free Reformed Church of Southern River

Full Answer

What is the recommended base course compaction for construction?

2. Normally, in my experience, base courses are compacted to 98 to 100% of the maximum dry density (MDD) Modified Proctor. 3. GeoPaveTraffic indentifed several aspects that are important.

What is the thickness of a base course?

If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the subgrade. Typical base course thickness ranges from 100 to 150 millimetres (4 to 6 in) and is governed by underlying layer properties.

What is the maximum compaction achieved after 5 full passes?

Please help as the site is facing serious delays because of less compaction achieved even after 5-6 full passes. The maximum compaction achieved is only 85%!! Hope somebody can help me out of this anamoly....

Where is the base course of a construction?

It is located under the surface layer consisting of the wearing course and sometimes an extra binder course . If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the subgrade. Typical base course thickness ranges from 100 to 150 millimetres (4 to 6 in)...

How much does gravel shrink when compacted?

ResultMaterialSwell/Bulking %Shrink %Gravel5-3Gravel, Average Graduation, Dry15-7Gravel, Average Graduation, Wet5-3Gravel, Dry15-7110 more rows

How thick is base course?

Typical base course thickness ranges from 100 to 150 millimetres (4 to 6 in) and is governed by underlying layer properties.

How many inches of patio pack can you compact at once?

Most traditional plate compactors will not compact any more than 4” of base. If you try to compact 6” of base, you will only compact the top 4” and the bottom 2” will settle in the future. You must compact your base in layers of 3″ – 4″.

What is base compaction?

By Brian Fortner Compaction. The concept of a base paver is fairly basic; the plate vibrates below the machine causing smaller particles in the soil to settle in the voids of the material underneath, forming a sturdy compact base.

How do I compact aggregate base course?

Compact each layer of aggregate base to at least 95 percent of the maximum unit weight at a moisture content no greater than optimum for aggregate base under concrete pavement. Shape the finished surface and the layer thickness to within ±½ inch of the crown and grade shown on the plans.

What is the minimum thickness of compacted subgrade?

What is the minimum thickness of compacted sub grade? Explanation: The minimum thickness of sub grade required is 300mm and in highways it is 500 mm as they are provided with the maximum best facilities.

How deep does a plate compactor compact?

Units with more force will penetrate deeper into the soil. A rule of thumb is that a compactor will compact 1 inch of material for every 1,000 pounds of compaction force it exerts.

Can I hand tamp paver base?

Once you have swept the sand into the paver joints, a hand tamp should be used over the entire paver area in order to “vibrate” the sand further into the joints. This tamping procedure will insure that the maximum amount of sand is holding the pavers in place.

How much do pavers settle when compacted?

Here's why: dirt shrinks by 30% when compacted. That means, if you backfill with dirt, your hardscape will settle 30%. This becomes an issue because, if you backfill with 10″ of dirt, your pavers will settle around 3″ over time. However, if you properly lay a gravel base, you'll essentially eliminate settling.

How long does it take to compact gravel?

When dry, the particles don't have much friction and if left, it will take roughly 7 years for gravity to do its work. If you hose it down, though, the process can become a lot quicker. Be careful though! Dry sand and gravel lose their friction and can therefore be washed away.

What does it mean to have 95% compaction?

95 percent compaction means that the soil has been compacted to 95 percent of the possible density of the soil through compactive efforts. Maximum dry density, along with optimum moisture content, is determined in the laboratory and provides the target for field compaction.

How thick should road base be for paving?

Generally, road base is layed to a total depth of 100 to 150mm (10-15cm) around the entire area. For driveways, compact for every 50mm (5cm) layer and for pathways compact for every 60mm (6cm) layer. For 10m2 compacted to 100mm (10cm) you will need 1 cubic metres.

What is aggregate base course?

Aggregate Base Course often referred simply as ABC, has certain desirable properties. Base Course in pavements refers to the sub-layer material of an asphalt roadway and is placed directly on top of the undisturbed soil (Sub-Grade) so as to provide a foundation to support the top layers of the pavement. It is typically made of a recipe of different ...

What is a sub base?

The Sub-Base is a layer of small chipped aggregate and dust, typically Crushed Fines, which is laid above the ABC on driveways or heavy traffic areas . The thickness of sub-base can range from 1″ to 2″ inches on light weight traffic areas like pathways and paver patios above the sub-grade when a ABC is not required,

What is the compaction requirement for asphalt concrete?

The compaction requirements for Asphalt Concrete shall be equal to or greater than 96% of the Marshall density per ASTM D1559 using material sampled at the road site.

What is the compaction requirement for a road?

The compaction requirement for base coarse (Road) shall not be less than 100% of the maximum laboratory dry density as determined by ASTM D1557 or AASHTO T180.

How many modified proctor tests are there per ASTM D1557?

One Modified Proctor Test per ASTM D1557 with corresponding Proctor curve shall be performed for each type of fill material or where there is a change in the type or the source of material.

How many density tests are required for lift of fill?

As a minimum, at least one in-place density test must be performed on every lift of fill and further placement shall not be allowed until the required density has been achieved.

Why use a flat base course?

It will also keep your slab thickness uniform, which will save money on concrete—the most expensive part of the system. A flat base course will also allow the slab to slide easily as it shrinks, reducing restraint and the risk of cracks as the concrete contracts after placement (drying shrinkage).

What is a subbase and base course?

A subbase and base course, or both, provide several good things . The thicker the subbase, the more load the slab can support, so if there are going to be heavy loads on the slab—like trucks or fork lifts—the designer will probably specify a thick subbase.

What happens if the subbase gets rained on or frozen prior to concrete placement?

But what happens if there is a delay at this point before the concrete is placed? If the subbase gets rained on or frozen prior to concrete placement, it can go from being ready to being too soft.

What is the layer of material on top of the subbase and directly under the slab?

Base (or base course )—this is the layer of material on top of the subbase and directly under the slab

How thick should a concrete slab be?

The entire subbase and base system should be at least 4 inches thick—thicker if the engineer feels it is needed for proper support.

What is a well-compacted subgrade?

A well-compacted subgrade keeps construction out of the mud and provides uniform slab support. Lippincott & Jacobs

How much does a rammer weigh?

Rammers, sometimes called jumping jacks, vary in weight from about 130 pounds to 185 pounds. These tools are great for compacting the soil in a footing trench or for cohesive clays in smaller areas since they deliver a high impact force (high amplitude, lower frequency). They are not good for compacting granular materials-such as base courses.

How much compaction can you achieve?

You can achieve more than 100 percent compaction; however, if the value is more than about 103 to 105 percent, I would suspect that you are working in a material to which that Proctor does not apply. At the least do a check point on the Proctor with that material to see if it falls on the curve. If not, run another Proctor.

How many passes of rollers are required?

The short answer is that no one can tell you how many passes of the roller will be required. It depends on the water content of the material and the stiffness of the subgrade that you are compacting against.

What is the OMC of a pavement?

4. 7% OMC (optimum moisture content) seems a bit on the high side for pavement base courses I have used. It would suggest that you are not using crushed stone aggregate and that your base course material is a bit on the sandy side - or, forbid, the base course has significant fines that might be clayey in nature (high PI).

Does a lab proctor have to consider oversize materials?

Please also consider the lab proctor may not have considered the presence of oversize materials. The onus during field compaction testing is to evaluate the percent oversize materials (refer to the method A or C criteria) and adjust the results accordingly. There are several methods to do this and the point of my post is not to get into these details, but that could be where the body is buried.

What is the moisture content of a roadbase?

What is most important in the moisture content of the roadbase. Ideally 5-7% moisture is about optimum for compaction. If the material is real dry like it appears in the photo you might not get the tight compaction your looking for.

Can you compact a concrete pot hole?

You can compact all you want but it never stays the same after a heavy rain. The only thing that is pot hole proof is concrete or asphalt

How much to add to compaction?

A number of websites have recommended adding 4% to the order to account for compaction.

How much compaction does a road crush have?

If you are compacting road crush with a vibratory plate you will get about 10 to 15% compaction. (This is based on you having a stable compacted base first. If you are putting the road crush on top of top soil you will lose more to compaction.) If you use a jumping jack, about 20% would be accurate.

How much volume loss on a finer substrata?

You will be lucky to get 93% with standard effort. That gets you about 10% loss in volume. However, as others mentioned, you will get more loss on a finer substrata. This is mostly because the finer strata (sand silt clay) will ooze around the stones as you literally drive the stone into the subgrade.

How accurate is a jumping jack?

If you are putting the road crush on top of top soil you will lose more to compaction.) If you use a jumping jack, about 20% would be accurate. I personally like a jumping jack because it is very evident when it is fully compacted (The jumping jack will 'jump' when it is fully compacted.

How much psi should I expect from a clay base?

If you get to clay base you can expect about 20% , but if you are in top soil, it can take significantly more volume to fill and compact). You also need to asses what you are placing over the top of the road crush. If it is a sidewalk it will not get the same psi as a driveway.

Can you order a stone to allow for compaction?

In other words, you don't typically order the stone to allow for compaction. You order the stone based on the volume needed prior to compaction. UPDATE: If you're just asking about the rate of compaction 3/4 minus has, the answer is...actually, that's a tough one.

How many types of compaction effort are there?

There are four types of compaction effort on soil or asphalt:

How to change the effective compaction force?

The only way to change the effective compaction force is by adding or subtracting the weight of the machine. Static compaction is confined to upper soil layers and is limited to any appreciable depth. Kneading and pressure are two examples of static compaction.

What are the two types of compaction force?

These different types of effort are found in the two principle types of compaction force: static and vibratory.

How does a compactor affect the surface?

The compactors deliver a rapid sequence of blows (impacts) to the surface, thereby affecting the top layers as well as deeper layers. Vibration moves through the material, setting particles in motion and moving them closer together for the highest density possible.

What is a well graded soil?

A well-gradedsoil consists of a wide range of particle sizes with the smaller particles filling voids between larger particles. The result is a dense structure that lends itself well to compaction.