3.08 Basic Principles of Mouth Care 1 Provide oral care of the teeth, gums, and mouth. 2 Remove offensive odors and food debris. 3 Promote patient comfort and a feeling of well-being. 4 Preserve the integrity and hydration of the oral mucosa and lips. 5 Alleviate pain and discomfort, thereby enhancing oral intake.
Each therapist has his or her own approach to therapy and does not alter this approach for different clients. a. Males are more reluctant than females to seek help for their problems. Individuals vary tremendously in their degree of motivation for psychological treatment.
Oral care for the unconscious patient should be performed at least every four hours. Lipstick, chap stick, or vaseline may be applied to the lips to keep them from drying out. Nursing Records. Nursing observations for the patient’s mouth should be recorded in the clinical record, noting such factors as: Bleeding.
Both the patient being given the drug and whoever will evaluate the drug's effects do not know whether the patient was given the treatment or the placebo. Which of the following is a challenge of conducting randomized clinical trials of the effectiveness of therapy? a. The client will never find out whether or not he or she was treated.
In which of the following decision-making conditions is the decision maker aware of all of the alternatives and able to assign probabilities to the costs and payoffs of each alternative? decision making under uncertainty.
In most states, the default surrogate decision maker for adults is normally the next of kin, specified in a priority order by state statute, typically starting with the person's spouse or domestic partner, then an adult child, a parent, a sibling, and then possibly other relatives.
A durable power of attorney for healthcare may also be called a “medical power of attorney” or “healthcare power of attorney.” This document, which should be notarized, designates a proxy or surrogate to act as a decision maker for your care and treatment in the event you are incapacitated by illness or injury and ...
Which of the following is an assumption of the rational model of decision making? The decision maker is aware of all the possible alternatives. The rational model of decision making assumes that the: decision maker can calculate the probability of success for each alternative.
When a patient lacks decision-making capacity, the physician has an ethical responsibility to: Identify an appropriate surrogate to make decisions on the patient's behalf: The person the patient designated as surrogate through a durable power of attorney for health care or other mechanism.
The four key components to address in a capacity evaluation include: 1) communicating a choice, 2) understanding, 3) appreciation, and 4) rationalization/reasoning.
The members of a hospital's board of directors govern the facility. Their work allows doctors, nurses and other health care professionals to focus on providing the highest level of care to patients. A hospital board of directors makes many important decisions regarding hospital policy, budgets and quality of care.
One of the adults must be a health care practitioner at the facility. If a patient does not now have capacity to make a decision (but made a decision in the past about the proposed health care), the hospital, hospice or nursing home will act based on the patient's previously made decision.
HIPAAQuestionAnswerThe appropriate way for a physician to terminate the care of a patient is to ____.send the patient a certified letterWhat is the document called in which a patient names someone to make decisions regarding medical care in the event he or she is unable to do so?Durable power of attorney48 more rows
What is Rational Decision Making? Rational decision making leverages objective data, logic, and analysis instead of subjectivity and intuition to help solve a problem or achieve a goal. It's a step-by-step model that helps you identify a problem, pick a solution between multiple alternatives, and find an answer.
The assumption of rational behavior implies that people would rather take actions that benefit them versus actions that are neutral or harm them. Most classical economic theories are based on the assumption that all individuals taking part in an activity are behaving rationally.
Some examples of rational decision-making are often found in serious life choices. Examples like a student choosing what to do after high school, a business decision involving a large purchase, or a family deciding where to move.
Exp: The correct technique to examine the sides of the tongue is to use a square gauze pad to hold the client tongue to each side . using a penlight and tongue depressor to retract the lips helps in visualization of buccal mucosa. Putting on gloves and retracting the clients lips and cheeks is a technique used to examine the gums and teeth. sticking the tongue out between the lips only allows visualization of the anterior portion of the tongue
ExplanationCalling the nurse should document the tonsillar greeting as 2+ because the tonsils are midway between the tonsil a pillar's and the uvula. Grade one tonsils are ones which are visible. Tonsils the touch the uvula graded 3+ and tonsils are so in large the touch each other and graded 4+
Explanation: the nurse should find red swollen nasal mucosal with purulent discharge in the client diagnosed with upper respiratory tract infection. Dark pink moist nasal mucosa which is free of exudate is a normal finding. Pale pink swollen nasal
Exclamation. The nurse should depress the client tongue off center to prevent the gag reflex during observation of the uvula. Asking the client to say ahhh and instructing him or her to open the mouth wide makes it more clear for observation but does not prevent the gag reflex. depressing the back of the tongue would elicit the gag reflex
Exp: the nurse should inspect the wharton ducts on either side of the frenulum on the floor of the mouth. stensons ducts not the wharton ducts are visible on the buccal mucosa across from the second upper molars. The right side of the frenulum at the base of the gums and on the posterior aspect of the tongue bilaterally are not appropriate site to inspect for salivary ducts
Explanation: object should not be placed in the clients mouth unless necessary. Illumination of the frontal sinuses can be accomplished by placing the penlight on the brow of each side of the nose. The nurse should pass up on the bow of each side of the nose to palpate the frontal sinus. Frontal and maxillary sinuses cannot be examined through otoscope. Sinus cavities are not indirectly percussed but may be tapped like lightly to detect pain
D. Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common oral condition commonly associated with use of diuretics, antihistamines, ant-depressants and nasal steroids. Reduced salivary flow impedes pH normalization after eating and produces an intra-oral environment favoring periodontal disease and dental caries.
C. Scaling and root planing performed by a dentist can be expected to result in an improvement in Mrs. Peterson's glycemic control.
The medications prescribed to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) cause dry mouth which promotes dental decay. B. Periodontitis is a chronic infectious state due to a wide range of mostly anaerobic bacteria that produce toxins that damage gum tissue.
A. The enamel and dentine of teeth, which is vulnerable to demineralization
C. Extracting teeth is an advanced skill that requires extensive training. While some areas in the U.S. may be so underserved by dentists that clinicians do perform extractions, this is not the norm. Clinicians can better use their efforts through working with their local dentists to provide access for advanced procedures.
d. Therapists will seek to determine the underlying issues that have created the problem.
b. Jennifer, who was referred by the court to undergo therapy because of a drunk driving charge.
Similarity of age, background, and culture between the client and the therapist are the primary predictors of treatment success. a. The ability of the client and therapist to be successful in achieving a productive working alliance is important for effective therapy.
c. Therapy is usually the most expensive approach to a problem.
a. It is ineffective in treating severe mental disorders.
a. Therapy takes time, while a friend’s guidance is more likely to lead to a “quick fix” of the problem.
Observe the patient’s mouth for appearance, integrity, and general condition.
Oral hygiene is especially important for patients receiving oxygen therapy, patients who have nasogastric tubes, and patients who are NPO. Their oral mucosa dries out much faster than normal due to their mouth-breathing.
Assist the patient with brushing the teeth and cleaning the mouth, using a soft toothbrush or a gauze-padded tongue blade. Rinse the mouth with water and the prescribed solution, if ordered. Ulcerations, to include stomatitis. Basic procedure for the patient with an infection should be followed.
1 Brush the teeth carefully with a very soft toothbrush. 2 Wrap a tongue blade with a gauze sponge saturated with a prescribed solution; carefully swab the teeth and mouth. Do not use lemon/glycerine swabs or commercial mouthwash because they contain alcohol, which causes burning. Infection.
The patient’s gums and soft tissues should be cared for at least twice per day while the dentures are out of the mouth; a soft-bristled toothbrush, swab, or gauze-covered tongue blade dipped in mouthwash should be used to cleanse the gums, tongue, and soft tissues. Patients With Mouth Complications.
Bleeding. Observe the patient’s mouth frequently for the amount of bleeding present and the specific areas. Do not floss the patient’s teeth; use a Water-pik®. Brush the teeth and clean the mouth using one of the following methods: 1 Brush the teeth carefully with a very soft toothbrush.
Oral suctioning may be required for the unconscious patient to prevent aspiration.