Quality affects productivity. Both affect profitability. The drive for any one of the three must not interfere with the drive for the others. Efforts at improvement need to be coordinated and integrated. The real cost of quality is the cost of avoiding nonconformance and failure.
Middle management: Plan and coordinate quality and productivity efforts. Low‐level management: Work with employees to improve productivity through acceptance of change, commitment to quality, and continually improving all facets of their work.