Low birth rates and low death rates characterize the countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
The fourth stage of demographic transition is characterised by a low birth rate and a low death rate of population, leading to a stationary population.
Possible examples of Stage 5 countries are Croatia, Estonia, Germany, Greece, Japan, Portugal and Ukraine.
The third stage of the demographic transition is the industrial stage, which is characterized by an increasing population with declining birth rates and low death rates.
Low birth rates and low death rates characterize the countries in Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model. Not since Stage 1 of the DTM have birth rates and death rates been so equal in value, the main difference being that in Stage 4 total population is already high.
There are four stages in the demographic transition. Low growth, high growth, moderate growth, and low growth.
Stage 4 of the model is called the 'low fluctuating' stage and reflects the current situation of EMDCs such as France and the UK. In this stage both the birth rate and death rate fall, the birth rate more rapidly, to roughly even out.
Stages of the Demographic Transition Stage 1—High birth and death rates lead to slow population growth. Stage 2—The death rate falls but the birth rate remains high, leading to faster population growth. Stage 3—The birth rate starts to fall, so population growth starts to slow.
Demographic Transition Model Russia does not have declining birth rates and low death rates that would classify it as stage 3. Since it's not stage 4 with low birth and death rates Russia could possibly be the futuristic stage 5. If this was true it means Stage 5 would have low birth rates and increasing death rates.
In the “fourth stage” of epidemiological transition, the distribution of non-communicable diseases is expected to shift to more advanced ages, but age-specific changes beyond 80 years of age have not been reported.
Transition theory is a three staged model : (i) First stage of high fertility & high mortality. (ii) Second stage –Fertility high and mortality declines. (iii) Third stage both fertility and mortality declines.