Infants are particularly susceptible to significant changes in TBW because of high metabolic rate and greater body surface area. They have greater fluid intake and output in relation to their body size.
Full Answer
Infants can be susceptible to changes in total body water because of their high metabolic rate and the turnover of body fluids caused by their greater body surface area in proportion to their total body size.
Obese individuals have higher water needs than nonobese individuals, because water needs depend upon metabolic rate, body surface area, and body weight.
The mean total body water content expressed in absolute amounts was significantly raised in the obese group (P less than 0-001), but was significantly lower (P less than 0-001) when the values were expressed as a percentage of body weight.
Obese people are at greater risk for dehydration because fat is water repelling (hydrophobic), very little water is contained in adipose (fat) cells.
The potential secret weapon? Water. People who are obese and have a higher body mass index (BMI) are more likely to be inadequately hydrated and vice versa, suggests new research from the University of Michigan published in Annals of Family Medicine. “The link between hydration and weight is not clear.
A study from the Annals of Family Medicine purports to link these two phenomena. Using data from about 9,500 adults enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination survey (NHANES), the researchers found a link between dehydration and overweight.
What's more, studies show most people who are overweight or obese don't drink enough water. They are far more likely to be dehydrated than those who are lean.
About 33% of the people in the study weren't adequately hydrated. What's more, the researchers found a link between dehydration and overweight. People who weren't hydrated enough had higher BMIs than those who were.
Secretion of ADH and the perception of thirst are primary factors in the regulation of water balance. Thirst is a sensation that
a. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is higher than the capillary hydrostatic pressure.
In tuberculosis , the body walls off the bacilli in a tubercle by stimulating
Thirst is experienced when water loss equals 2% of an individual's body weight or when there is an increase in osmolality. Dry mouth, hyperosmolality, and plasma volume depletion activate Osmoreceptors (neurons located in the hypothalamus are stimulated by increased osmolality)
Kussmaul respirations May be characterized as a respiratory pattern:
Question : Why are infants susceptible to significant losses in total body water (TBW)? Student Answer: Because more than half of an infant’s body weight is water Because infants have a slow metabolic rate Because an infant’s kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluids losses Because they are unable communicate adequately when they are thirsty Instructor Explanation: Infants are particularly susceptible to significant changes in TBW because of their high metabolic rate and the accelerated turnover of body fluids caused by their greater body surface area in proportion to total body size. Loss of fluids from diarrhea can represent a significant proportion of body weight. Renal mechanisms that regulate fluid and electrolyte conservation may not be mature enough to counter the losses, so dehydration may develop rapidly.
Student Answer: Because more than half of an infant’s body weight is water Because infants have a slow metabolic rate Because an infant’s kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluids losses Because they are unable communicate adequately when they are thirsty Instructor Explanation: Infants are particularly susceptible to significant changes in ...