who came up with 7 plus or minus 2 course hero

What is the magic number 7 plus 2?

What is the magic number in the Murdock experiment?

How many chunks can a human remember?

What is the limit of one-dimensional absolute judgment?

Is the correspondence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and of short-term memory span a coincidence?

Is the number 7 magical?

See 3 more

About this website

Miller's number 7 ± 2: Psychology Myth Busting #2 - Joe Leech

I have fond memories of arguing with a few web developers (during a redesign discussion) who tried to hit me with both “can’t have more than 7 items, give or take 2” and “user shouldn’t need more than 3 clicks to get to where they want”. fun times…

The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our ...

A variety of researches are examined from the standpoint of information theory. It is shown that the unaided observer is severely limited in terms of the amount of information he can receive, process, and remember. However, it is shown that by the use of various techniques, e.g., use of several stimulus dimensions, recoding, and various mnemonic devices, this informational bottleneck can be ...

The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our ... - PubMed

The magical number seven plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information

The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our ...

Other articles where The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information is discussed: George A. Miller: In a famous paper, “The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information” (1956), Miller proposed as a law of human cognition and information processing that humans can effectively process no ...

What is the magic number 7 plus 2?

The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information " is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. It was written by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University 's Department of Psychology and published in 1956 in ...

What is the magic number in the Murdock experiment?

Tarnow finds that in a classic experiment typically argued as supporting a 4 item buffer by Murdock, there is in fact no evidence for such and thus the "magical number", at least in the Murdock experiment, is 1. Other prominent theories of short-term memory capacity argue against measuring capacity in terms of a fixed number of elements.

How many chunks can a human remember?

The number of chunks a human can recall immediately after presentation depends on the category of chunks used (e.g., span is around seven for digits, around six for letters, and around five for words), and even on features of the chunks within a category. Chunking is used by the brain's short-term memory as a method for keeping groups ...

What is the limit of one-dimensional absolute judgment?

In a one-dimensional absolute-judgment task, a person is presented with a number of stimuli that vary on one dimension ( e.g., 10 different tones varying only in pitch) and responds to each stimulus with a corresponding response (learned before). Performance is nearly perfect up to five or six different stimuli but declines as the number of different stimuli is increased. The task can be described as one of information transmission: The input consists of one out of n possible stimuli, and the output consists of one out of n responses. The information contained in the input can be determined by the number of binary decisions that need to be made to arrive at the selected stimulus, and the same holds for the response. Therefore, people's maximum performance on one-dimensional absolute judgement can be characterized as an information channel capacity with approximately 2 to 3 bits of information, which corresponds to the ability to distinguish between four and eight alternatives.

Is the correspondence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and of short-term memory span a coincidence?

Miller recognized that the correspondence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and of short-term memory span was only a coincidence, because only the first limit, not the second, can be characterized in information-theoretic terms (i.e., as a roughly constant number of bits). Therefore, there is nothing "magical" about ...

Is the number 7 magical?

Therefore, there is nothing "magical" about the number seven, and Miller used the expression only rhetorically. Nevertheless, the idea of a "magical number 7" inspired much theorizing, rigorous and less rigorous, about the capacity limits of human cognition. The number seven constitutes a useful heuristic, reminding us that lists ...

Which technique prevents the possibility of retrieval by having participants count backwards in 3s?

Using a technique called the Brown-Peterson technique which prevents the possibility of retrieval by having participants count backwards in 3s. Peterson and Peterson (1959) showed that the longer the delay, the less information is recalled. The rapid loss of information from memory when rehearsal is prevented is taken as an indication ...

What is the magic number 7?

There are two ways in which capacity is tested, one being span, the other being recency effect. The Magic number 7 (plus or minus two) provides evidence for the capacity of short term memory. Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory.

What does the number 7 mean?

The Magic number 7 (plus or minus two) provides evidence for the capacity of short term memory. Most adults can store between 5 and 9 items in their short-term memory. This idea was put forward by Miller (1956) and he called it the magic number 7. He though that short term memory could hold 7 ...

Why is short term memory 7?

He though that short term memory could hold 7 (plus or minus 2 items) because it only had a certain number of “slots” in which items could be stored. However, Miller didn’t specify the amount of information that can be held in each slot.

What is the rapid loss of information from memory when rehearsal is prevented?

The rapid loss of information from memory when rehearsal is prevented is taken as an indication of short term memory having a limited duration. Baddeley and Hitch (1974) have developed an alternative model of short-term memory which they call working memory.

What is the magic number 7 plus 2?

The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. " The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information " is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. It was written by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University 's Department of Psychology and published in 1956 in ...

What is the magic number in the Murdock experiment?

Tarnow finds that in a classic experiment typically argued as supporting a 4 item buffer by Murdock, there is in fact no evidence for such and thus the "magical number", at least in the Murdock experiment, is 1. Other prominent theories of short-term memory capacity argue against measuring capacity in terms of a fixed number of elements.

How many chunks can a human remember?

The number of chunks a human can recall immediately after presentation depends on the category of chunks used (e.g., span is around seven for digits, around six for letters, and around five for words), and even on features of the chunks within a category. Chunking is used by the brain's short-term memory as a method for keeping groups ...

What is the limit of one-dimensional absolute judgment?

In a one-dimensional absolute-judgment task, a person is presented with a number of stimuli that vary on one dimension ( e.g., 10 different tones varying only in pitch) and responds to each stimulus with a corresponding response (learned before). Performance is nearly perfect up to five or six different stimuli but declines as the number of different stimuli is increased. The task can be described as one of information transmission: The input consists of one out of n possible stimuli, and the output consists of one out of n responses. The information contained in the input can be determined by the number of binary decisions that need to be made to arrive at the selected stimulus, and the same holds for the response. Therefore, people's maximum performance on one-dimensional absolute judgement can be characterized as an information channel capacity with approximately 2 to 3 bits of information, which corresponds to the ability to distinguish between four and eight alternatives.

Is the correspondence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and of short-term memory span a coincidence?

Miller recognized that the correspondence between the limits of one-dimensional absolute judgment and of short-term memory span was only a coincidence, because only the first limit, not the second, can be characterized in information-theoretic terms (i.e., as a roughly constant number of bits). Therefore, there is nothing "magical" about ...

Is the number 7 magical?

Therefore, there is nothing "magical" about the number seven, and Miller used the expression only rhetorically. Nevertheless, the idea of a "magical number 7" inspired much theorizing, rigorous and less rigorous, about the capacity limits of human cognition. The number seven constitutes a useful heuristic, reminding us that lists ...

Overview

"The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information" is one of the most highly cited papers in psychology. It was written by the cognitive psychologist George A. Miller of Harvard University's Department of Psychology and published in 1956 in Psychological Review. It is often interpreted to argue that the number of objects an average human can hold in short-term memory is 7 ± 2. This has occasionally been referred to as Miller's …

Miller's article

The "magical number 7" and working memory capacity

Other cognitive numeric limits

See also

External links